三论武术之打

The Third Discussion on the Fight of Wushu

无论在武术界还是其他社会各界,对武术之打既充满谈论的兴味,也怀有颇多难以解答的疑惑。通过文献资料调研,并结合前期研究成果,对武术打之迷思进行释疑,对武术打之真相进行再诠解,对武术打之价值进行再认识。主要观点:1)人类的斗争本能,使得特别像武术之打这样一种外显、直接的斗争形式,可引发对其持久进行讨论的兴趣。而现代传媒与实战擂台的"联姻"和武术中的"非体育"因素与竞技擂台的"体育性"之间所存在的"规则盲区",使人们很难对武术之打做出唯一的且能得到众人认同的评判结果。2)对"练体"与"练用"的不同处理导致武术之打与他国武技之打的不同面貌,护具缺乏导致中国武术独特的"练用"方式,过于求巧的技击理念一定程度上背离了技击制胜规律,这些原因造成了武术之打相对落后的现实。同时,护具缺乏既使武术得以创造出许多"作用于物"的绝技,很可能也是中国武术能够出现诸多"粘连型"技击方式的重要原因,也为武林故事围绕"招势"展开编创和演绎的无限可能提供了条件。3)人们对武术之打的价值"误读",源于对"效率"的过度追求,如果从人们对打的实际需求角度而言,武术之打虽不能说是最佳选择,却因其在打之追求上的独特性,不失为一个良佳选择。

Whether in Wushu field or in other social circles, people are not only interested in talking about the fight of Wushu, but also are very confused about it. By meanly using research methods of literature review, on the basis of previous research, this paper cleared up the doubt of the fight myth of Chinese Wushu, reinterpreted the reality of the fight of Wushu, and reconsidered the value of the fight of Wushu. The major viewpoints are as follow.. 1 ） the human struggle instinct, especially a form of external and direct struggle such as Wushu, sparked a lasting interest in the discussion on it. How- ever, The ＂marriage＂ of modern media and the combat ring, and the existence of＂rule blindness＂ between the ＂non-physical＂ factors in Wushu and the ＂physical characteristics＂ of competitive ring, made it difficult to make a sole and widely accepted assessment of the fight of Wushu. 2 ） Different treatment of practice body and practice application led to the different features between the fight of Wushu and the fight of other countries; Guards lack in the background of backward science and tech- nology led to the unique way of practicing application for Wushu： attaching too much importance to skill to some extent made Wushu deviate from the rule of fighting. These factors contribute to the relatively backward reality of Wushu. At the same time, Guards lack either made Wushu create out of many stunt alkaloids, and probably also is an important reason for Wushu to bring about many adhesion fighting ways, and it also provided the precondition for the infinite possibility of creating and deducing of Wushu story which is based on ＂Zhaoshi＂. 3 ） people＇ s value misread toward the fight of Wushu is derived from the blind pursuit of efficiency, from the angel of people＇ s real need satisfying toward the fight of Wushu, although the fight of Wushu is not the best choice, but it is still a good choice.