国家资格框架:模式、结构和运行

National Qualification Framework:Model,Structure and Operation

国家资格框架制度需要顶层设计,制度设计与实施须科学、严密,既要符合国际发展趋势,又要充分考虑我国实际情况。在框架模式上,我国国家资格框架宜采用接轨制—紧密型框架模式,范围涵盖初中以上各级各类教育学历、学位、职业资格证书和无定式学习成果。在实施路径上,走"框架+标准"之路。在结构和规范上,框架除具有国际上国家资格框架通常的结构要素外,可实行资格模块化或单元化,并赋予学分,实现学分积累与转换。在运行和质量保障上,实行分层管理体制和多元运行机制,建立制度运行的质量保障体系,确保国家资格框架的公信力。

The system of national qualification framework （NQF） requires top-level design. The design and its implementation should be scientific and rigorous, which should not only conform to the development trend of international mainstream of NQF, but also take our actual situation into full consideration. As for the framework model, China^s NQF had better adopted the linked-tight framework model, covering all kinds of educational background, degree, vocational qualification certificates and infinitive learning achievement of junior middle schools or above. As for the implementation path, China＇s NQF takes the ＂framework ＋standard＂ road. As for structure and norms, China＇s NQF has the general structural elements of international national qualification frameworks, which can be implemented in qualification modules and units by giving credits and achieving credit accumulation and transfer. As for operation and quality assurance, China＇s NQF carries out hierarchical management system and multiple operating mechanism, and establishes quality assurance system, to ensure the public credibility of NQF.