文化因素影响国际留学生跨国流动的实证研究——兼论中国扩大来华留学生教育规模的战略

Empirical Study on the Role of Cultural Factors in Attracting International Talents——On China's Strategy of Expanding the Education Scale of International Students

利用全球46个国家的统计数据,重点考察文化因素在世界各国吸引国际留学生中的作用。研究结果发现,文化因素是影响国际留学生流动的重要因素;一国的文化商品出口规模对其吸引国际留学生表现为正向促进作用,国家之间的国际移民网络是影响国际学生选择留学目的地的重要因素;两国之间的地理距离、语言差异对学生选择不同类型留学目的国的影响不同,发展中国家的学生倾向于选择地理距离较远、语言相同的发达国家作为留学目的地,发达国家和发展中国家的学生都倾向于选择地理距离较近、语言不同的发展中国家作为留学目的地,发达国家的学生倾向于选择地理距离较近、语言相同的发达国家作为留学目的地。因此,对于中国来说,为了吸引更多的国际人才和留学生到中国来,国家必须高度重视扩大中国文化商品的出口规模,构建与其他国家之间的国际移民网络,加强非英语语言人才的培养,重点吸引与中国地理距离较近国家的人才和留学生,在全球范围内大力推广汉语培训和汉语水平考试。

Cultural factors of attracting international talents （or foreigner students） from all over the world are investigated by using global statistics from 46 countries. It is found that cultural factor is an important factor influencing international talents flow; the scale of a country＇s cultural goods export has a positive role on attracting international students, and the international immigration network between countries is the important factor which has the influence on international students to choose their destinations of studying abroad; the geographical distance between the two countries and language difference have different effect on choosing different types of destinations of studying abroad. Students from developing countries tend to choose developed countries with long geographical distances and the same language as their destinations of studying abroad; students from developed and developing countries tend to choose developing countries with different geographical distances and different languages as their destinations to study abroad; while students from developed countries tend to choose developed countries with short geographical distances and the different languages. Therefore, if China wants to attract more international talents and foreigner students, the government must think highly of enlarging the export scale of China cultural goods, build the international immigration network with other countries, strengthen the cultivation of non-English talents, attract talents and foreigner students from countries with short geographical distances, and promote Chinese language training and proficiency test all around the world.