城乡学生认知能力差异的实证研究——基于云南五个县市的报告

On Cognitive Competence Difference between Urban and Rural Students——An Empirical Study Based on the Reports of Five Counties in Yunnan Province

通过记忆力、注意力和推理能力三个分指标测量云南省五个县(市)城区、乡镇和山区中小学生的认知能力水平发现,城区与乡镇学生的认知能力总体水平存在显著差异,并且记忆力、注意力和推理能力三个分指标存在内在结构差异,乡镇学生的推理能力相对弱;小学生各项认知能力与环境因素(师生关系、父母支持、友谊质量)存在不同程度的正相关。建议优化学生的认知能力培养环境,大力推进教育信息化;根据乡镇学生的认知能力水平,因地制宜,着重培养学生的核心素养;教师应明确学生的认知特点进行差异化教学;强制规定家长的教育责任与义务,给予孩子更多的支持和鼓励。

Three indexes of memory ability, attention and reasoning ability are applied to evaluate students＂ cognitive competence of 5 counties in Yunnan province. Results showed significant difference between urban and rural students＂ cognitive competence. Moreover, there were internal structural difference in factors of memory ability, attention and reasoning ability. Rural students have weaker reasoning ability. Cognitive competence of primary school students has varying degrees of positive correlation with environmental factors （such as teacher-student relationship, parent＇s support, friendship quality）. It is suggested we should optimize the environment to cultivate students＂ cognitive competence and promote education informatization. Based on the cognitive competence level of rural students, we should focus on the cultivation of students＂ key competences according to local conditions. Teachers should provide differentiated education according to student＇s cognitive characteristics. Parenting responsibility and duty must be enforced to give children more support and encouragement.