诺因乌拉出土刺绣毛毯动物纹和植物纹考释

A Study of the Embroidered Iconography on a Carpet Unearthed from Noin-Ula

本文在考释蒙古北部诺因乌拉匈奴墓出土的一件刺绣毛毯上的动物纹和植物纹中,通过与大量我国北方和西伯利亚南部出土相同或相近时期的青铜牌饰、金牌饰、木雕器和纺织品上的类似纹样进行对比后发现,刺绣表现的是一种典型的野兽风格动物纹样,其中有耳鹰形动物与有竖耳、颈部鬃毛末端和尾端饰以钩喙有耳鹰头的虚幻动物应均是格里芬,而动物纹间间有的植物纹可能是生命树。

This paper interprets the iconography of embroidered animal and plant motifs on a carpet unearthed from the Noin-Ula Kurgans in Mongolia. Based on the comparison with other similar motifs on bronze and gold plates, carved wooden works and textiles unearthed from northern China and southern Siberia of contemporary or approximately the same period, this article argues that the animal motifs on this piece of textile represent a typical beast-styled iconography. The eagle with ears and the beast with eagle heads decorated on the top of the mane and tail are both variants of Griffin. The plant iconography interspersed with animal motifs might have been the symbols of the tree of life.