上海市金山区市售动物性海产品铅污染和居民膳食暴露调查

Investigation of lead pollution and residents' dietary exposure of retail aquatic animal products in Jinshan District of Shanghai

[目的]了解上海市金山区市售动物性海产品中铅污染水平,评估当地居民食用市售动物性海产品的铅暴露风险。[方法]采用分层随机抽样方法采集151件市售动物性海产品,对其铅含量进行检测,并结合居民海产品摄入量调查,应用世界卫生组织推荐的食品中化学物质膳食暴露点评估方法,评估上海市金山区居民市售动物性海产品铅暴露风险。[结果]上海市金山区市售海产品中铅的平均质量分数(简称"含量")为0.194 1 mg/kg,P95为0.548 8 mg/kg,超标率为5.30%。不同人群中,孕妇平均每日经动物性海产品铅暴露量最大,为0.185 8μg(/kg·d),其次是3~5岁儿童,为0.176 7μg(/k·gd),最小的是乳母,为0.109 8μg(/k·gd)。海产品暴露高值人群(膳食摄入量P95)中,3~5岁儿童暴露量最大,为0.853 9μg(/kg·d),其次是孕妇,为0.598 3μg(/kg·d),最小的是乳母,为0.329 4μg(/kg·d)。[结论]上海市金山区孕妇和乳母市售动物性海产品中铅暴露情况总体处于安全水平,但对于海产品高消费儿童,存在铅暴露过多的风险。

[ Objective ] To understand the pollution level of dietary lead （Pb） in retail aquatic animal products in Jinshan District of Shanghai and to evaluate the risk of lead exposure by consuming retail aquatic animal products in local residents.[ Methods ] A total of 151 commercially available aquatic animal product samples were collected by stratified random sampling method, and lead content was detected. The World Health Organization （WHO） recommended point estimates of dietary exposure to chemicals was applied, in combination of residents＇ seafood intake survey, to assess the risk of lead exposure by consuming retail aquatic animal products in the residents in Jinshan District of Shanghai. [ Results ] The average lead level in sampled retail aquatic animal products in Jinshan District of Shanghai was 0.194 1 mg/kg, the 95th percentile was 0.548 8 mg/kg, and the unqualified rate were 5.30%. The average lead exposure level through intake of aquatic animal products in pregnant women was estimated to be 0.185 8μg/（kg·d） （in terms of body weight）, followed by children aged 3 to 5 years [0.176 7μg/（kg·d）] and breastfeeding mothers [0.109 8μg/（kg·d）]. Among the highest lead intake groups （with aquatic animal products consumption higher than the upper 95th percentile）, the exposure level was highest in children aged 3 to 5 years [0.853 9μg/（kg·d）], followed by pregnant woman [0.598 3μg/（kg·d）[ and breastfeeding mothers [0.329 4 μg/（kg·d）]. 【 Conclusion ] The lead intake from retail aquatic animal products is safe for pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers in Jinshan District of Shanghai. However, excessive lead exposure may exist in children with high consumption of aquatic animal products.