2006—2015年杭州市余杭区新发尘肺病例的流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of pneumoconiosis incidents in Yuhang District of Hangzhou in 2006-2015

[目的]掌握2006—2015年杭州市余杭区报告新发尘肺病发病基本情况,为该区尘肺病防控提供依据。[方法]对中国疾病预防控制中心信息网络报告系统中2006—2015年杭州市余杭区新发尘肺病例数据进行整理和流行病学分析。[结果]2006—2015年,杭州市余杭区累计新发尘肺病277例。其中,男性273例(98.6%),尘肺病I期196例(70.8%),矽肺263例(94.9%)。病例主要分布在仁和街道(209例,75.5%),本地居民居多(247例,89.2%)。矽肺病例主要分布在采石企业和非金属矿物制品业。Kruskal-Wallis H秩和检验结果显示,各期尘肺病例在首诊年龄、接尘工龄和开始接尘年龄上差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。相同检验方法做两两比较显示:Ⅲ期病例的首诊年龄中位数比Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期病例分别大6.3岁和6.2岁(Z=-47.9、Z=-46.3,均P<0.05);各期别接尘工龄差异无统计学意义;Ⅲ期病例的开始接尘年龄中位数比Ⅰ期病例大6.7岁(Z=-40.1,P<0.05)。[结论]2006—2015年杭州市余杭区的新发尘肺病例以本地男性矽肺病例为主,主要发生采石企业的工人中。

[ Objective ] To understand the situation of pneumoconiosis incidents in Yuhang District of Hangzhou from 2006 to 2015, and to provide evidence for prevention and control work. [Methods] Data of pneumoconiosis incidents in Yuhang District of Hangzhou from 2006 to 2015 were retrieved from the information network reporting system of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention for epidemiological analysis. [ Results ] A total of 277 cases of pneumoconiosis were reported in Yuhang District of Hangzhou from 2006 to 2015. There were 273 male cases （98.6%）, 196 cases at pneumoconiosis stage [ （70.8%）, and 263 cases of silicosis （94.9%）. Pneumoconiosis cases were most reported in Renhe Subdistrict （209 cases, 75.5%） by geographical distribution. The majority of the pneumoconiosis cases were local residents （247 cases, 89.2%）. Silicosis cases were most found in quarrying enterprises and non-metallic mineral products industry. Results of Kruskal-Walls H rank test showed that there were significant differences in age of first diagnosis, age of dust exposure, and age of first dust exposure among different stages of pneumoconiosis. The median age of patients with first diagnosis as stage Ⅲ was 6.3 and 6.2 years older than that of the patients with first diagnosis as stage I and I1, respectively （Z=-47.9, Z=-46.3, Ps 〈 0.05）. There was no difference in dust exposure years of each stage. The median age of first dust exposure of stage Ⅲ patients was 6.7 years older than that of stage I patients （Z=-40.1, P〈0.05）. [ Conclusion ] The pneumoconiosis incidents in Yuhang District of Hangzhou City from 2006 to 2015 are mainly local male silicosis cases and occur in workers of quarrying enterprises.