契合与认同:建国初期戏曲改革与国家意识形态建构

Correspondence and Identification:Opera Reform and State Ideology Construction during the Early Days of New China

戏曲是民众公共的文化空间和娱乐方式,也是价值传播和道德教化的绝佳载体。戏曲与国家意识形态在精神本质上是相通的,具有契合性。建国初期,新中国要建构新的国家意识形态,实现民众对新国家的认同,就必须首先让戏曲艺人认同新国家,通过戏曲演出影响民众,达到人民群众对新政权、新国家、新社会普遍认同的目的。政府通过"改人、改制、改戏"等改革措施,逐渐增强戏曲艺人对共产党执政、社会主义社会、人民当家作主的新国家的认同。戏曲改革经过改旧剧、新编历史剧、创作现代戏三个阶段,社会主义国家意识形态被民众普遍接纳与认可,完成了红色政权政治合法性吁求的历史使命。

Traditional Chinese opera is a public cultural space and entertainment, and also an excellent medium for value dissemination and moral education. It is interlinked with national ideology in spirit. During the early days of new China, for the construction of a new national ideology, we had to first make opera artists identify with the new country and influence people by means of opera performance so as to make the new government and the new society widely acknowledged by the public. Through various reform measures such as ＂transforming artists, transforming the system, and revising plays＂, the new government helped the artists identify more strongly with the socialist new country under the governance of the communist party in which the people hold power. Through the three stages of revising old plays, creating new historical plays, and composing modern dramas, the opera reform helped make the national identity of socialism widely accepted by the public, and thus fulfilled its historical mission of legitimizing the communist takeover of China.