全球移民治理的人权方法——从碎片化到整合的艰难进程

Human Rights-based Approach to Global Governance of Migration:A Tough Process from Fragmentation to Integration

尽管国际移民问题是全球性挑战,管控移民的国内政策与法律规则却体现了国家的单边性质,而保障移民权利的国际法律规范亦散乱不整,难以引导安全、有序的国际移民行为。全球移民治理人权方法是对现有移民法律规范机制的调适,以整合、连贯的方式应对国际移民问题。这一方法将保障个人的权利、尊严与基本自由置于移民治理的中心,强调移民权利与国家义务的相互依存与关联关系,确认原籍国、过境国和目的地国对移民权利保护负有共同责任与义务。可持续发展、国际合作以及监督与问责机制是落实全球移民治理人权方法的有效进路。

Although immigration issue is a global challenge, the policies and rules to manage and control immigration reflect unilateral nature. Meanwhile, the international laws guaranteeing immigrants＇ human rights are messy and unable to guide safe and orderly international migration. Human rights-based approach to governance of international migration is the adaption of current legal mechanism of migration, which responds to international migration in an integrated and coherent manner. This approach centers around guarantee of the rights, dignity and basic freedom of individuals, emphasizes the interdependence and correlations between the rights of immigrants and national obligations, and confirms home countries, transit countries and destination countries share the responsibility and obligation to protect the rights of immigrants. Sustainable development, international cooperation and supervision and accountability mechanisms are effective ways to implement human rights-based approach to governance of migration.