被害人陈述的证据能力与证明力规则——一个比较证据法的视角

The rules of admissibility and probability of crime victim testimony——A perspective of comparative evidence law

基于被害人陈述的独立地位,我国应当探索并确立与被害人陈述的特点相适应的证据能力与证明力规则。被害人辨认属于被害人陈述,可以通过辩护律师在场来监督被害人辨认程序的合法性与结果的准确性。我们需要系统反思对被害人陈述之证据能力的规制,推动非法证据排除规则、传闻排除规则、意见证据规则进一步走向精细化。我们要辩证地评价被害人陈述的证明力,检讨对被害人陈述的补强规则,在建立科学的人证可信性检验机制的基础上,允许单独依靠被害人陈述慎重地定罪。

Due to the independent status of crime victim testimony in evidence law, China should explore and establish rules of admissibility and probability which suit the characteristics of victim testimony. Victim-witness identificationis testimony given by victim.The procedure of victim identification should be supervised by defense counsel in order to ensure the procedural legality and result accuracy. We should systematically reconsidercurrent restrictions against the admissibility of victim testimony, and promote the refinement of the exclusionary rule, hearsay rule and opinion evidence rule. We should dialectically assess the weight of victim testimony, and review the corroboration rule of victim testimony. Furthermore, cautious conviction based on single victim testimony should be permitted on condition that the witness credibility could have been tested by scientific mechanism.