外泌体及其在肿瘤诊疗中的作用

Roles of exosomes in tumor diagnosis and treatment

外泌体是多种活细胞分泌的有被小泡,包含有蛋白质、脂质、核酸及多种其他生物大分子。外泌体在很多病理生理过程中发挥重要作用,如免疫中抗原呈递、组织损伤修复、肿瘤的生长与迁移等。肿瘤来源或肿瘤相关的外泌体在调控肿瘤发生和发展的过程中扮演重要角色,对肿瘤外泌体的分析和检测可以辅助肿瘤的早期诊断为患者提供新的治疗方法。该文从外泌体的起源、组成及其在肿瘤发生、发展、迁移、诊断治疗等方面进行综述,为肿瘤治疗提供新的思路。

Exosomes are nanosized membrane microvesicles secreted by various living cells. They contain proteins, lipids, RNA, and a variety of other biological macromolecules. Exosomes play an important role in many pathological and physiological processes, such as antigen presentation in the immune system, repair of damaged tissues, and growth and migration of tumors. Tumor-derived or tumor-associated exosomes play a vital role in regulating the occurrence and development of tumors. The analysis and detection of exosomes in tumors is helpful for the early diagnosis of tumors and provide new treatment methods. This article reviews exosomes’ origin, composition, and functions in the development, migration, diagnosis, and treatment of tumors and provides new ideas for the treatment of tumors.