《生活饮用水卫生标准》可操作性及术语定义的追踪评价

Tracing assessment of operability and terminology definition of hygienic standard for drinking water

目的对我国现行《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)的可操作性及术语定义开展追踪评价,为启动标准的修订工作提供依据。方法采用问卷调查法,收集全国12个省(直辖市)的卫生计生监督部门、疾病预防控制机构、供水单位在标准执行过程中遇到的问题及修订建议。结果被调查的机构中73.5%认为标准可操作性非常好,22.2%认为个别地方缺乏可操作性,4.3%认为可操作性一般,需增加内容。主要问题包括:常规与非常规项目的设置不合理;臭、味和肉眼可见物等指标缺乏客观结果、针对新型供水方式的内容较少;有些检验方法老旧;部分内容与其他规范相冲突;部分指标的限值和检测方法的限值不匹配等。对于分散式供水和常规指标的定义,80%以上的受访机构认为表述是清晰的。对于集中式供水、小型集中式供水、二次供水而言,受访机构认为术语定义模糊的比例较高。结论总体而言,标准具有较好的可操作性,但部分指标和内容需要修订。

Objective Our study aims to carry out the follow-up evaluation on the operability and the definition of the ＂drinking water hygiene standard＂ GB 5749-2006, and to provide the basis for revision. Methods The questionnaire was used to collect the problems encountered in the implementation of the standards in health supervision departments, the Cen- ters for Disease Control and Prevention, and the water supply units in 12 provinces （municipalities）. Results 73.5% of the institutions believed that the standards had very good operability, and 22.2% thought that it was lack of operability in source-limited places, and 4.3% thought that the operability was quite mediocre and the content need to be increased. The main problems included irrationality of category of routine and non-routine project, subjectivity of indicators like smell, taste and sight, limited application of new technology, updating necessity of some old methods, conflict with other stan- dards, mismatching between method of detection and the limit index. For the definition of decentralized water supply and conventional indicators, more than 80% thought that they were easy to understand. For centralized water supply, small cen- tralized water supply and secondary water supply, more than 20% thought that the definitions were vague. Conclusion Gen- erally speaking, the standard has a good operability, but some indicators and contents need to be revised.