湿式氧化法处理放射性废离子交换树脂研究进展

Recent advances in treatment of spent radioactive ion exchange resins by wet air oxidation

随着世界核电事业的发展,核设施产生的废离子交换树脂的安全处理已成为困扰各国的难题。湿式氧化法具有反应条件温和、工序简单、经济有效等优点,近年来在放射性废物处理领域受到广泛关注。本文概述了国内外废树脂湿式氧化处理技术,包括酸煮解、超临界水氧化分解法、间接电化学氧化分解法和湿式过氧化氢氧化法;重点分析了废树脂湿式过氧化氢氧化法的发展现状、影响因素、反应机理、反应动力学以及放射性核素的去向;并进一步探讨了湿式氧化法在废树脂处理领域的发展方向及应用前景。

With the development of nuclear industry, the treatment and disposal of spent radioactive ion exchange resins has become a problem that needs to be solved at present. Because of the moderate reaction conditions, simple equipment, and low operational cost, wet air oxidation has recently received considerable attention from the research field of radioactive wastes treatment. In this paper, various advanced wet air oxidation processes for treatment of spent resins are summarized, including acid boiling degradation, supercritical water oxidation, electrochemical oxidation, and wet catalytic oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. The development status, influencing factors,reaction mechanism and kinetics of wet catalytic oxidation, as well as the distribution of radioactive nuclides in the off-gas, decomposition solution and solid residue, are briefly introduced. The future research directions and applications are also discussed.