卢梭民主思想评析

A Comment on Rousseau's Democratic Thought

卢梭的民主思想对于我国的政治民主化具有重要的借鉴意义。文章总结归纳出卢梭的民主思想主要有三个方面:一是公意是卢梭民主思想的基础;二是平等是卢梭民主思想的目标;三是人民主权是卢梭民主思想的核心。并分析指出卢梭的民主思想,有其合理性也有其局限性:一方面它对推动近代西方各国资产阶级革命作出巨大贡献;另一方面由于它片面强调公意高于一切,忽视个人利益,这就为某些人打着公意的名号实行专制统治开启了方便之门。尽管如此,卢梭的人民主权、平等和公意等民主思想,仍然对当今中国推进民主政治建设具有重要意义。

Rousseau＇ s thought on democracy is of great value as literature reference. There are three aspects ： the will of public is the foundation ; equality is the goal ; the popular sovereignty is the core. By analyzing his thought of democracy, it is pointed out that the positive side of this theory is that it contributes to the advancement of bourgeois revolution in the western countries while the negative side is that over-emphasls on the public will may lead to the ab- sence of individual＇ s interest. There are possibilities for those who make use of the public will to realize their autocracy. For all this, Rousseau＇ s democratic thoughts on popular sovereignty, equality, and the public will are of great value for China to learn in terms of pushing forward the construction of democratic polities.