纤维型吸油材料的制备及其吸油性能的研究

Study on the Preparation of Fiber Oil-absorbent and Its Oil Absorption Performance

为探寻一种高效环保的吸油材料,实验选取未漂白针叶木浆纤维及来源广且廉价的二次纤维(旧报纸)、动物纤维(废旧毛衣)作为原料,利用吸藏型吸油机理,采用机械处理和化学改性结合的工艺制备可生物降解的纤维型吸油材料。结果表明,由未漂白针叶木浆纤维、旧报纸、废旧毛衣改性制备的吸油材料对机油的吸油倍率分别为15.8 g/g、12.5 g/g、17.9 g/g,循环使用5次后的吸油倍率还能保持最大值的80%以上;对油品的适用性广,可有效吸附多种油品。

In order to explore a highly efficient and environmentally friendly oil-absorbent, selecting unbleached coniferous wood pulp, sec- ondary fiber （waste paper） and animal fiber （waste sweater）, as the raw materials, which are rich in resources and less expensive. The new oil-adsorbents with similar appearance to dry pulp were prepared by mechanical treatment combined with chemical modification. They had wide application range, excellent oil-absorbing effect and reusability. Their oil adsorption capacities for motor oil were measured to be 15.79 g/g（ unbleached coniferous wood pulp） , 12. 58 g/g（ secondary fiber） and 17.85 g/g（ animal fiber） , respectively. The oil adsorption capaci- ties of the adsorbents remained 80% of its maximum oil absorption after 5cycles of absorption-squeezing process. Furthermore, prepared ad- sorbents also showed good buoyancy in water no matter at static or dynamic condition and they could adsorb varieties of oils. As the raw mate- rials could be natural degraded, and the purpose of treating the waste with waste was realized, so the new oil-adsorbents had a better applica- tion prospect in the field of oil spill.