基于巨磁阻效应的高性能电流传感器及其在智能电网的量测应用

High Performance Current Sensors Based on Giant Magnetoresistance Effect and Practical Applications in Smart Grids

智能电网需要先进传感测量技术的支持。为此,针对智能电网中的电流测量需求,介绍了基于巨磁阻效应的高性能电流传感器,包括传感器系统结构、磁环、巨磁阻传感芯片、信号处理电路等的设计,以及对温度稳定性、电磁兼容性的设计。实验结果表明,所设计的基于巨磁阻效应的高性能电流传感器在对电网中暂态电流、直流电流、泄漏电流、电晕电流的测量中表现出良好的性能,实现了对带宽直流到10 MHz、幅值1 m A至1.6 k A的电流的精确测量。相比其他电流测量装置,基于巨磁阻效应的高性能电流传感器具有体积小、灵敏度高、成本低、测量范围大、可集成度高等综合优势,适应了智能电网的测量需求。最后,提出了后续研究方向。

Smart grids need the support of advanced sensing and measuring technology. Aiming at the demands of current measurement in smart grids, the high-performance current sensors based on giant magnetoresistance effect （GMR） are in- troduced, including the design of system structure, magnetic core, GMR sensor chip, signal conditioning circuit, temperature stability, and electromagnetic compatibility. The experimental results indicate that the designed high-performance current sensors based on GMR show outstanding performances in the measurement of transient current, DC current, leakage current, and corona current, and achieve accurate measurement of current with bandwidth of DC- 10 MHz and amplitude of 1 mA-1.6 kA. When compared with other current measuring devices, the high-performance cur- rent sensors based on GMR show the advantages of small size, high sensitivity, low cost, large measuring range, and high integration, which meet the demands of smart grids. Finally, the further research direction of GMR current sensors is put forward.