不同海拔高度军人焦虑特点与其负性认知偏向的关系

Relationship between anxiety characteristics and negative cognitive processing bias in plateau military personnel

目的了解不同海拔的高原军人焦虑特点,探讨负性认知加工偏向与不同海拔高原军人的焦虑现状的关系。方法采用状态-特质焦虑量表(state-trait anxiety inventory,STAI)和负性认知加工偏向问卷对4 631名高原军人进行团体问卷调查,以驻地海拔高度为分组依据,对官兵焦虑现状进行组间比较,并依据海拔分组以年龄、职别、文化程度等进行分层组间比较。结果 (1)不同海拔组官兵在状态焦虑、特质焦虑上的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);(2)不同海拔组军人状态焦虑和特质焦虑水平不存在性别、独生子女与否的差异(P>0.05),而在职别、文化程度方面存在不同程度的差异(P<0.05);(3)负性认知加工偏向因子与状态焦虑、特质焦虑在不同海拔组内均存在显著正相关(r为0.15~0.47,P<0.01);(4)负性解释偏向因子在<1 500 m组对特质焦虑呈负向预测作用(β=-0.15,P<0.01),并且仅<1 500 m组的回归方程中纳入负性注意偏向因子;负性沉思偏向在各海拔组内均对特质焦虑起正向预测作用(β=0.19,β=0.36,β=0.37,P<0.01)。结论不同海拔高度官兵的焦虑状况存在差异,负性沉思偏向起到正向预测高原官兵特质焦虑水平的作用。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of anxiety, and to explore the relationship of negative cognitive processing bias with anxiety status in officers and soldiers stationed at different altitudes. Methods State-trait anxiety inventory （STAI） and negative cognitive processing bias questionnaire were used to investigate 4 631 officers and soldiers through group questionnaire survey. The participants were divided into groups of different altitude levels, and the status of anxiety were compared among the different groups, and among different stratification groups based on occupation, rank and educational levels. Results ① Significant differences were seen in state anxiety and trait anxiety among the different altitude groups （P〈0.01）. ② There were no significant differences in the state and trait anxiety among those of different gender or from one-child family though from the same altitude groups （P〉0.01）, but obvious significant differences were seen in those at different rank levels and with different educational levels （P〈0.05）. ③The factors of negative cognitive processing bias were positively correlated with the state and trait anxiety in those from same altitude groups （r=0.15-0.47, P〈0.01）. ④ The negative interpretation bias factor showed negative predictive effect on the trait anxiety for the participants from the below 1 500 meters altitude group （β=-0.15, P〈0.01）, and the negative attentional bias factor was only included in this group. While the negative thinking bias have a positive predictive effect on the trait anxiety for all altitude groups （β=0.19, β=0.36, β=0.37,P〈0.01）. Conclusion Significant differences are found in anxiety status among the officers and soldiers at different altitudes, and the negative rumination bias plays a positive role in predicting trait anxiety.