连续翻耕秸秆粉碎还田土壤物理性状及水稻产量

Effects of Consecutive Moldboard Plowing with Straw Chopping and Returning to Field on Soil Physical Properties and Yield of Rice

通过连续5年田间定位试验,研究了翻耕秸秆粉碎还田对稻麦两熟农田土壤物理性状、水稻产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,水稻收获时,翻耕秸秆粉碎还田处理能够有效降低耕层土壤容重、紧实度和土壤中固相部分所占比例,增加耕层土壤毛管孔隙度和土壤中气相部分所占比例。就水稻产量而言,翻耕秸秆粉碎还田处理较秸秆不还田处理有不同程度的提高,5年平均增产428 kg/hm^2,增幅为4.50%,主要是通过增加有效穗数和穗粒数来提高水稻产量。总之,本试验条件下,翻耕秸秆粉碎还田措施有利于改善耕层土壤物理结构,提高水稻产量。

Field experiments for five consecutive years were conducted to investigate the effects of moldboard plowing with straw chopping and returning to field on soil physical properties, grain yield and its component factors in the rice-wheat rotation system. The results showed that moldboard plowing with straw returning （MPS） could reduce the soil bulk density, compactness and the proportion of solid phase, and which could increase soil capillary porosity and the proportion of liquid phase in the arable soil layer compared with moldboard plowing without straw（MP） at rice harvest. Moreover,the average rice yield of five years test of MPS treatment was increased by 428 kg/hm2 compared with MP treatment. The increase of yield was due to the increase of effective spike number per plant and grain number per spike. In all, under this experimental condition, the moldboard plowing with straw returning improved soil physical structure of arable layer, and increased rice yield.