缓释氮肥与尿素配施对高原机插籼稻产量与生长特性的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Slow-release Nitrogen Fertilizer and Urea on Yield and Growth Characters of Machine Transplanting Indica Rice in Plateau Areas

为了明确高原地区机插籼稻缓释氮肥与尿素配施的最佳比例,以川谷优7329为材料,在施氮量为150kg/hm^2和105 kg/hm^2水平下,研究了4种缓释氮肥与尿素配施比例(10∶0,7∶3,5∶5,3∶7)对机插籼稻产量与生长特性的影响。结果表明,不同施氮量间水稻产量差异不显著,缓释氮肥与尿素配施水稻产量由高到低为5∶5>10∶0>7∶3>3∶7。在相同比例下增加施氮量可以增加机插籼稻抽穗期高效叶片的长度,提高茎蘖数和抽穗期叶面积指数,但降低了氮肥农学利用效率和粒叶比。尿素所占比例越高成穗率越低,5∶5的处理水稻表观输出率和氮肥农学利用效率最高。高原地区机插籼稻最佳氮肥施用量为105 kg/hm^2,缓释氮肥与普通尿素配施比例为5∶5。

In order to conform the optimal proportion of the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and urea combined application of machine transplanting indica rice in plateau areas, using Chuanguyou 7329 as the material, the effects of the different proportion （10∶0, 7∶3, 5∶5 and 3∶7） on yield and growth characters of machine transplanting indica rice were studied under nitrogen application rate of 150 kg/hm2 and 105 kg/hm2. The results showed that the yield of rice under different nitrogen application rate were not significant. According to the proportion of the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and urea combined application, the yield of machine transplanting indica rice was 5∶5〉10∶0〉7∶3〉3∶7. The increase of nitrogen application rate could increased the high effective leaf length in heading stage and improved the rice tiller number and leaf area index of heading stage, but decreased the agronomic use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and grain-leaf ratio at heading stage under the same proportion. In the different proportion of facilities, the higher the proportion of urea was, the lower the spike rate was. When the proportion is 5∶5, the apparent export percentage and agronomic use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer of rice was higher. The apporopriate application rate of nitrogen fertilizer was 105 kg/hm2, and the best proportion of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and common urea was 5∶5.