不同时期干旱胁迫对水稻产量和生长特性的影响

Effects of Drought Stress on Yield and Growth Characteristics of Rice in Different Periods

为明确水稻生长过程中的水分敏感时期,探索水稻抵御干旱的栽培措施,以常规粳稻楚粳29号和云粳39号为材料,通过盆栽试验准确控制土壤水分(水势),研究不同时期干旱胁迫对水稻产量和生长特性的影响。结果表明,楚粳29号干旱胁迫处理较对照减产10.63%~47.60%,云粳39号干旱胁迫处理较对照减产6.19%~47.27%,减产程度依次为穗分化前期干旱胁迫(T2)﹥有效分蘖期干旱胁迫(T1)﹥穗分化后期干旱胁迫(T3)﹥孕穗期干旱胁迫(T4)。与对照相比,2个品种有效分蘖期干旱胁迫降低了有效穗数,穗分化前期干旱胁迫使每穗粒数明显减少,穗分化后期干旱胁迫使每穗实粒数减少和结实率明显降低,孕穗期干旱胁迫对结实率或千粒重有影响。

In order to clarify the sensitive period of water during the growth of rice, explore the cultivation measures to resist drought, the effects of drought stress on yield and growth characteristics of rice in different periods were studied, using two conventional japonica cultivars Chugeng 29 and Yungeng 39 as materials,to precisely control soil moisture（water potential） by pot experiment. The results indicated that the yield of Chugeng 29 and Yungeng 39 at different drought stress treatments decreased by 10.63%~47.60% and 6.19%~47.27% respectively, compare with the control. Yield decreased degree ranked as follows： drought stress in early stage of panicle initiation（T2）﹥ drought stress in effective tillering stage（T1）﹥ drought stress in late stage of panicle initiation（T3）﹥ drought stress in booting stage （T4）. Compared with the control, effective panicles per pot of two cultivars were reduced by drought stress in effective tillering stage, the number of spikelet per panicle was obviously reduced by drought stress in early stage of panicle initiation, the number of filled grain per panicle and seed setting rate were obviously reduced by drought stress in late stage of panicle initiation, the seed setting rate or 1 000-grain weight was influenced by drought stress in booting stage.