挤压膨化加工对菜籽粕中抗营养因子含量及膨化菜籽粕对生长育肥猪生长性能的影响

Effects of Extrusion on Antinutritional Factor Content in Rapeseed Meal and Expanded Rapeseed Meal on Growth Performance of Growing Finishing Pigs

本试验旨在研究挤压膨化加工对菜籽粕(RM)中抗营养因子、营养物质含量以及膨化菜籽粕(ERM)对生长育肥猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率的影响。试验1:采用本实验室的TSE65双螺杆干法挤压膨化机和优化后的加工参数组合对饲料级RM进行挤压膨化加工,测定RM和ERM中的抗营养因子和营养物质含量。试验2:以RM和ERM为主要试验材料,选取72头体重为(33.82±3.72)kg的杜×长×大三元杂交猪,随机分成6组,每个组3个重复,每个重复4头猪。试验16周,1、3、5组分别饲喂添加6%、10%和14%RM的饲粮,试验2、4、6组分别饲喂添加6%、10%和14%ERM的饲粮;试验712周,1、3、5组分别饲喂添加10%、14%和18%RM的饲粮,试验2、4、6组分别饲喂添加10%、14%和18%ERM的饲粮。试验期为12周。结果表明:1)与RM相比,ERM中干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙和总磷含量都有所增加;ERM中粗脂肪和干物质含量显著升高(P<0.05),半胱氨酸、赖氨酸和精氨酸含量显著降低(P<0.05),总氨基酸含量下降了1.75%(P>0.05),硫苷和植酸含量显著降低(P<0.05),异硫氰酸酯和唑烷硫酮含量低于检测限0.15 mg/g,单宁含量无显著变化(P>0.05)。2)16周内,同等添加量下,2、4组末重(FBW)显著高于1、3组(P<0.05);4组平均日采食量(ADFI)显著高于其余各组(P<0.05);各组间平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G)均无显著差异(P>0.05);6组粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和干物质表观消化率显著高于5组(P<0.05);6组除蛋氨酸、丝氨酸和谷氨酸表观消化率与5组差异不显著(P>0.05)外,其余氨基酸表观消化率均显著高于5组(P<0.05)。712周内,同等添加量下,2、4组FBW高于1、3组,6组FBW低于5组,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);2组粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和干物质表观消化率显著高于1组(P<0.05);2组缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、苏氨酸、天冬氨酸、酪氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、半胱氨酸、脯氨酸和总氨基酸表观消化率显著高于1组(P<0.05)。由此可见,挤压膨化加工能提高RM的营养价值并降低多种抗营养因子含量,在育肥猪饲粮中添加ERM可以提高育肥猪的生长性能和营养物质表观消化率。30-60 kg的育肥猪饲粮中ERM适宜添加量为10%,61120 kg的育肥猪饲粮中ERM适宜添加量为14%。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of extrusion on antinutritional factor and nutrient content in rapeseed meal （RM） and expanded rapeseed meal （ERM） on growth performance and nutrient apparent digestibility of growing finishing pigs. Experiment 1： TSE65 twin-screw extruder and optimized processing parameters in our laboratory were used to expand the feed grade RM, and measured the contents of antinutritional factor and nutrient in RM and ERM. Experiment 2： used EM and ERM as the main experiment materials, seventy-two healthy growing finishing pigs （Duroc×Landrace×Large White） with the body weight of （33.82±3.72） kg were randomly allocated to 6 groups with 3 replicates per group and 4 pigs per replicate. In the 1 to 6 weeks of the experiment, groups 1, 3 and 5 were fed the diets supplemented with 6%, 10% and 14% RM, respectively, groups 2, 4 and 6 were fed the diets supplemented with 6%, 10% and 14% ERM, respectively; in the 7 to 12 weeks of the experiment, groups 1, 3 and 5 were fed the diets supplemented with 10%, 14% and 18% RM, respectively, groups 2, 4 and 6 were fed the diets supplemented with 10%, 14% and 18% ERM, respectively. The experiment lasted for 7 weeks. The results showed as follows： 1） compared with RM, the contents of dry matter （DM）, crude protein （CP）, ether extract （EE）, crude ash, calcium and total phosphorus in ERM were increased, and the contents of EE and crude ash in ERM were significantly increased （P〈0.05）, the contents of cystine, lysine and arginine in ERM were significantly decreased （P〈0.05）, the content of total amino acids in ERM was decreased by 1.75% （P〉0.05）, the contents of glucosinolates and phytic acid in ERM were significantly decreased （P〈0.05）, the contents of sulfur isothiocyanates and pbo alkane ketone in ERM were lower than the detection limit of 0.15 mg/g, and the content of tannin in ERM had no significant change （P〉0.05）. 2） In the experiment of 1 to 6 weeks, under the same add amount of EM and REM, the body weight （FBW） of groups 2 and 4 was significantly higher than that of groups 1 and 3 （P〈0.05）; the average daily feed intake （ADFI） of group 4 was significantly higher than that of other groups （P〈0.05）; there were no significant differences in average daily gain （ADG） and feed to gain ratio （F/G） among all groups （P〉0.05）; the apparent digestibilities of CP, EE and DM of group 6 were significantly higher than those of group 5 （P〈0.05）; the amino acid apparent digestibilities of group 6 were significantly higher than those of group 5 except methionine, serine and glutamic acid （P〈0.05）. In the experiment of 7 to 12 weeks, under the same add amount of EM and REM, the FBW of groups 2 and 4 was higher than that of groups 1 and 3 （P〉0.05）, the FBW of group 6 was lower than that of group 5 （P〉0.05）; the apparent digestibilities of CP, EE and DM of group 2 were significantly higher than those of group 1 （P〈0.05）; the apparent digestibilities of valine, isoleucine, lysine, histidine, threonine, aspartic acid, tyrosine, glutamic acid, glycine, cysteine, proline and total amino acids of group 2 were significantly higher than those of group 1 （P〈0.05）. In conclusion, extrusion processing can improve the nutrient value of RM and reduce a variety of antinutritional factors content. Adding ERM in finishing diets can improve the growth performance and nutrient apparent digestibility of finishing pigs. It is suggested that the amount of ERM in the 30 to 60 kg finishing pig diet is 10%, and that in 60 to 120 kg finishing pig diet is 14%.