酿酒酵母培养物对817肉仔鸡生长性能、养分表观利用率及肠道菌群的影响

Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Culture on Growth Performance,Apparent Availability of Nutrients and Intestinal Bacteria Flora of 817 Broiler Chickens

本试验旨在探讨酿酒酵母培养物(SC)对817肉仔鸡生长性能、养分表观利用率及肠道菌群的影响。试验选取1日龄体重相近的817肉仔鸡600只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加20 mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素+2.6 mg/kg黄霉素,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础饲粮中添加2 500、5 000、7 500 mg/kg SC,试验期为60 d。结果显示:1)1~21日龄,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),与抗生素组无显著差异(P>0.05);在22~60日龄和1~60日龄2个阶段,试验Ⅱ组的ADG显著高于对照组(P<0.05),ADFI显著高于抗生素组(P<0.05);22~60日龄,3个试验组的料重比和死亡率较对照组差异均不显著(P>0.05),但在1~60日龄有下降趋势(0.05≤P<0.10)。2)试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组较对照组显著提高了总磷的表观利用率(P<0.05);各组粗蛋白质、钙的表观利用率无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组盲肠中大肠杆菌的数量显著降低(P<0.05),与抗生素组无显著差异(P>0.05);试验Ⅱ组盲肠中乳酸菌数量和试验Ⅲ组空肠中双歧杆菌数量均显著高于对照组和抗生素组(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加适宜水平的SC能增加817肉仔鸡ADFI和ADG,降低料重比,增强对饲粮中总磷的利用率,促进乳酸菌、双歧杆菌的增殖,抑制大肠杆菌的增殖;当SC添加水平为5 000 mg/kg时,对动物的促生长效果最佳,优于抗生素。

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture （SC） on growth performance, apparent availability of nutrients and intestinal bacteria of 817 broiler chickens. A total of 600 healthy one-day-old 817 brolier chickens with similar body weight were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 20 chicks per replicate. The chickens in control group were fed a basal diet, those in antibiotics group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg sulfuric acid colistin and 2.6 mg/kg flavomycin, and those in trial groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2 500, 5 000 and 7 500 mg/kg SC, respectively. The experiment lasted for 60 days. The results showed as follows： 1） during 1 to 21 days of age, average daily gain （ADG） and average daily feed intake （ADFI） in trial groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased than those in control group （P〈0.05）, but no significant difference were observed when compared with antibiotics group （P〉0.05）; during 22 to 60 days of age and 1 to 60 days of age, ADG in trial group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in control group （P〈0.05）, and ADFI was significantly higher than that in antibiotics group （P〈0.05）; compared with control group, feed to gain ratio and mortality in trial groups were not significantly changed （P〉0.05）, while downward trends were found during 1 to 60 days of age（0.05≤P〈0.10）. 2） Compared with control group, trial groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ significantly improved apparent availability of total phosphorus （P〈0.05）; no significant differences were found in apparent availability of crude protein and calcium among groups （P〉0.05）. 3） Compared with control group, trial group Ⅰ significantly decreased the number of E.coli in cecum （P〈0.05） and achieve the level of antibiotics group （P〉0.05）; compared with control group and antibiotics group, the number of Lactobacillus in cecum of trial group Ⅱ as well as the number of Bifidobacteria in the jejunum of trial group Ⅲ were significantly increased （P〈0.05）, respectively. The results indicate that the supplementation of SC in diet at proper level can improve ADFI and ADG of broiler chickens, decrease feed to gain ratio, enhance total phosphorus apparent availability, promote the growth of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus, and inhabit the growth of E.coli; the optimal supplemental level of SC is 5 000 mg/kg, and its growth promotion effect is the best, which is better than antibiotics.