植物精油对断奶仔猪生长性能、血液指标及免疫能力的影响

Effects of Plant Essential Oils on Growth Performance,Blood Indexes and Immune Capability of Weaning Piglets

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加植物精油(PEO)对断奶仔猪生长性能、血液指标及免疫能力的影响。试验选用24头体重相近的"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪(30日龄),随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。各组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加50 mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素制剂(CS组)及50(Ⅰ组)、100(Ⅱ组)和200 mg/kg PEO(Ⅲ组)的试验饲粮。预试期6 d,正试期14 d。结果表明:1)Ⅲ组断奶仔猪平均日增重(ADG)显著高于CS组(P<0.05),且较Ⅰ、Ⅱ组有增加的趋势(P=0.05、P=0.06);Ⅲ组断奶仔猪料重比(F/G)较其他各组有所下降,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)Ⅰ组干物质(DM)消化率显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组粗蛋白质(CP)消化率较Ⅰ组有增加的趋势(P=0.07)。3)Ⅲ组红细胞计数显著高于CS组(P<0.05);Ⅱ组平均血红蛋白浓度显著高于CS组(P<0.05);Ⅲ组血清葡萄糖含量高于其他各组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅲ组血清白蛋白含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。4)Ⅲ组血清免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)含量显著高于CS组和Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组血清免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加200 mg/kg PEO具有改善血液有效成分含量、提高机体免疫能力、增强断奶后仔猪健康、促生长的功效。因此,PEO在断奶仔猪上具有潜在的利用价值。

The objective of present study was to investigate the effects of dietary plant essential oils （PEO） on growth performance, blood indexes and immune capability of weaning piglets. Twenty-four healthy ＂Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire＂ weaning piglets weaned at 30 days of age with similar body weight were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 1 pig per replicate. Pigs in the 4 groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with 50 mg/kg colistin sulfate （CS group） and 50 （group Ⅰ）, 100 （group Ⅱ） and 200 mg/kg PEO （group Ⅲ）, respectively. The preliminary period lasted for 6 days and the formal period lasted for 14 days. The results showed as follows： 1） the average daily gain （ADG） of weaning piglets in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in CS group （P〈0.05）, and it showed an increasing trend on ADG compared with group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ （P=0.05, P=0.06）. The ratio of feed to gain （F/G） of weaning piglets in group Ⅲ was lower than that in other groups, but had no significant difference （P〉0.05）. 2） The dry matter （DM） digestibility in group Ⅰ was significantly lower than that in other groups （P〈0.05）, the crude protein （CP） digestibility in group Ⅲ showed an increasing trend compared with group Ⅰ （P=0.07）. 3） The red blood cell count in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in CS group （P〈0.05）; the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in CS group （P〈0.05）; the serum glucose content in group Ⅲ was higher than that in other groups, but had no significant difference （P〉0.05）; and the serum albumin content in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in other groups （P〈0.05）. 4） The serum immunoglobulin G content in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in CS group and group Ⅰ （P〈0.05）, the serum immunoglobulin A content in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ （P〈0.05）. In conclusion, diets supplemented with 200 mg/kg PEO has the effects for improving blood effective components content, and improve body immunity, enhancing weaned piglets health and improving growth. Therefore, the PEO has a potential value in weaning piglets.