新疆犊牛肺炎病原分析和临床防控

Pathogenic Analysis and Clinical Prevention and Control of Calf Pneumonia in Xinjiang

为探索我区犊牛肺炎的流行原因、建立有效防控方法,本研究采用细菌学分离鉴定、药物敏感性试验、治疗案例和肺炎发展进程综合分析的方法对2010~2016年间14个奶牛场送检的57份肺炎病料进行研究,结果表明:化脓隐秘杆菌或荚膜A型巴氏杆菌单一病原的感染是导致新疆犊牛化脓性肺炎的主要原因,分离菌株对青霉素类、头孢类、氟喹诺酮类和氯霉素类抗菌药物(均敏感,据此,提出"及早发现,预防性治疗"的临床应对方案,使用阿莫西林、氟苯尼考和诺氟沙星等药物以肌内注射或口服的给药方式进行预防性治疗,经为期1年的临床应用,使犊牛肺炎的发病率显著下降,6个月龄内犊牛因肺炎造成的死亡、淘汰率被控制在5%以内,说明化脓隐秘杆菌、荚膜A型巴氏杆菌是引起新疆犊牛肺炎的主要病原,采取"及早发现,预防性治疗"的方案可显著降低犊牛肺炎造成的损失。

In order to identify the cause of the epidemic of calf ＇pneumonia, so to establish effective prevention and control methods, the bacterial isolation and identification of 57 pneumonia cases from 14 dairy cattle farms in 2010-2016 was carried out, and drug susceptibility testing of the isolates were carried out, furthermore, treatment case analysis and pneumonia development process analysis were considered. The results showed that the outbreak of single pathogen of Trueperella pyogenes or PasteureUa multocida types A was the main cause of purulent pneumonia of calves in Xinjiang, all isolates were sensitive to the penicillin, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and florfenicol, the ＂early detection and preventive treatment＂ of the clinical response was proposed and applied, and preventive drugs, such as amoxicillin, florfenicol and norfloxacin, were administered by intramuscular injection or oral administration （, after a period of 1 years of clinical application, the incidence of calf pneumonia was significantly decreased, and the mortality and elimination rate of calves caused by pneumonia within 6 months were effectively controlled within 5%. This study suggests TruepereUa pyogenes or Pasteurella multocida types A was the main cause of purulent pneumonia of calves in Xinjiang and ＂early detection and preventive treatment＂ can significantly reduce the economic losses caused by calf pneumonia.