胎盘早剥的危险因素及相关预防措施分析

Analysis of risk factors and related preventive measures of placental abruption

目的研究胎盘早剥的危险因素及相关预防措施。方法选择2013年1月至2015年12月在我院进行诊治的胎盘早剥患者80例作为观察组,将同期在我院进行正常分娩的80例产妇作为对照组,对比分析两组研究对象的剖宫产史、年龄、经产妇数、子痫前期以及胎膜早破发生情况等因素,并观察两组研究对象的妊娠结局(产后出血、新生儿死亡、剖宫产、胎儿窘迫、胎儿体质量<2.5 kg发生率)。结果观察组剖宫产史者占20.00%(16/80),年龄>35岁者占21.25%(17/80),子痫前期者占41.25%(33/80),经产妇占51.25%(41/80),明显高于对照组的8.75%、7.50%、16.25%、17.50%(P<0.05);观察组的产后出血发生率为26.25%(21/80),新生儿死亡率为21.25%(17/80),剖宫产率为78.75%(63/80),胎儿窘迫发生率为41.25%(33/80),胎儿体质量<2.5 kg发生率为36.25%(29/80),均明显高于对照组的7.50%、3.75%、38.75%、11.25%、10.00%(P<0.05)。结论胎盘早剥的危险因素包括有子痫前期、既往剖宫产史、年龄>35岁和经产妇等,应针对这些因素进行预防,以降低胎盘早剥的发生率,改善母婴结局。

Objective To study the risk factors of placental abruption and related preventive measures. Methods Eighty cases of patients with placental abruption diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2013 to December 2015 were selected as the observation group. Another 80 pregnant women with normal labor in our hospital at the same period were selected as the control group, and the history of cesarean section, maternal age, incidence of multipara, preeclampsia and premature rupture of membranesthe in the two groups were compared. And pregnancy outcome（the rates of postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal death, cesarean section, fetal distress, fetal weight 2.5 kg） in the two groups were observed. Results In the observation group, patients with a history of cesarean section accounted for 20.00%（16/80）, which with age35 years accounted for 21.25%（17/80）, with preeclampsia accounted for 41.25%（33/80）, with multipara accounted for 51.25%（41/80）. All these data were significantly higher than 8.75%, 7.50%, 16.25% and 17.50% in the control group（P0.05）. In the observation group, the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage was 26.25%（21/80）. The incidence of neonatal death was 21.25%（17/80）, the incidence of cesarean section was 78.75%（63/80）, the incidence of fetal distress was 41.25%（33/80）,and the incidence of fetal weight 〈2.5 kg was 36.25%（29/80）, which were significantly higher than 7.50%, 3.75%, 38.75%,11.25% and 10.00% in the control group（P〈0.05）. Conclusion The risk factors for placental abruption include preeclampsia, previous cesarean section, age 35 years and multipara, etc. These factors should be paid attention to preventing the incidence of placental abruption and improve maternal and infant outcome.