国外高校互动教学的系统分析与经验借鉴——以美国堪萨斯大学为例

On System Analysis and Experience Reference of Interactive Teaching Chain in Universities Abroad——Based on the practice of the University of Kansas

国外高校互动教学是培养具有国际竞争力拔尖人才的重要途径。国外高校互动教学形成一个复杂系统,由基础活动、支持活动和外部环境三个子系统组成。其中,基础活动子系统包括课前互动教学、课堂互动教学和课后互动教学三个要素,支持活动子系统包括学生激励、教师激励、人才培养和后勤服务四个要素,外部环境子系统包括经济环境、技术环境、政策环境和文化环境四个要素。国外高校互动教学系统呈现出教学方法复杂性、教学主体适应性、教学考核多样性和教学目标均衡性等特征。以美国堪萨斯大学为例,从办学理念、教学投入、激励约束、师资素质和校园氛围等方面得出推进我国高校互动教学改革的管理启示。

The interactive teaching in American Universities is an important way to cultivate international talents. The interactive teaching chain in American Universities is a complex system including 3 subsystems such as foundation activities,support activities and the external environment. The subsystem of foundation activities includes 3 elements of pre-class interactive teaching,interactive classroom teaching and interactive teaching after school. The subsystem of support activities includes 4 elements of student motivation,teacher incentives,talents training and logistics services.The subsystem of external environment includes 4 elements of economic environment,technology environment,policy environment and cultural environment. The system characteristic of interactive teaching chain in American Universities is of complexity in interactive teaching methods,the applicability of interactive teaching subject,the diversity of interactive teaching assessment and the balance of interactive teaching objectives. Based on the practice of the University of Kansas,this paper reveals some management enlightenment of interactive teaching from the perspective of educational philosophy,teaching inputs,teaching incentive,teacher quality and campus atmosphere.