国有企业的制度再造——观点反思和逻辑重构

Institution Reengineering of State-owned Enterprises:The Ideas Rethinking and the Theoretical Logic Reconstruction

国有企业的改革史同时也是一部争论史,这些争论集中于国有企业的性质、效率、改革路径和治理结构四个方面。为阐明国有企业制度再造的方向,需要对相关研究进行回顾和探讨。首先,国有企业是一种社会化程度最高的企业组织形式,国有企业与利益相关者论视角下的公司治理结构相适应。其次,围绕国有企业效率的相关研究忽视了国有企业的路径依赖问题,也没有分离出规模、垄断、政治关联等因素的影响,因而断言国有企业的效率高低需要谨慎。再次,国有企业改革路径的主导倾向是渐进式改革模式,但迄今还缺乏一个有说服力的理论框架来有效解释国有企业和非国有企业共存共进的特征事实。因此,未来关于国有企业改革的研究任重道远。

The history of reforms of state-own enterprises （SOES） is full of controversies, which mainly concern such issues as the nature, efficiency, reform path and governance structure of SOEs. To clarify the direction of reforms of SOEs, this paper makes critical review of related research around four theses. It is found that SOEs are a kind of organizations with highly socialized forms, which are in line with the stakeholder theory of corporate governance. Second, the existing research on the efficiency of SOEs ignored the issue of their path dependence. Besides, scales, monopolies and political connections are not isolated from other influence factors. Therefore we need to be prudent in asserting whether SOEs have low or high efficiencies. Finally, SOEs have followed a gradual reform path in practice, but so far there is still no convincing theoretical framework to argue for the stylized facts that SOEs and non-SOEs are able to coexist with development. Thus the future research on the reform of state-owned enterprises still has a long way to go.