女性是否比男性更清廉?——基于中国公职人员腐败容忍度的分析

Are Women More Incorruptible than Men?:An Analysis of Tolerance of Corruption among Chinese Civil Servants

女性是否比男性更清廉?学界一直存在两种看法:一种认为女性是更加清廉的性别;另一种则认为女性并不必然比男性更加清廉,其清廉与否取决于具体的制度文化环境。通过对中国公职人员进行腐败容忍度问卷调查发现:女性对政府腐败现象的容忍度整体低于男性;对参与机会和网络较多的微小腐败,女性容忍度仍低于男性,但两性间的差异变小;女性对"权色交易"腐败行为的容忍度显著低于男性,且是所有政府具体腐败行为中两性腐败容忍度差值最大的一项。这种差异并不表明女性作为先天的性别就更清廉,而是在性别体制与文化建构中形成的。这对当今中国反腐制度设计具有某些启示意义。

Are women less corrupt than men？ Some scholars are in favor of the view that women are the ＂cleaner and fairer sex,＂ while others believe that women are not necessarily more intrinsically honest or averse to corruption than men and their attitudes concerning corruption depend on the social and cultural contexts. Based on the data collected from the questionnaire survey among Chinese civil servants, we found that women＇s level of tolerance of government＇s corruption is lower than those of men＇s. Women＇s tolerance of petty corruption, regarding the enjoyment of opportunities and networks, is still lower than men＇s, but the gender gap in latter becomes smaller. The tolerance among women of corruption based on an ＂exchange between power and sex＂ is significantly lower than that of men, amoun- ting to a gap that is the biggest between men and women on the list of all specific corruptions in government. This does not suggest that women are naturally more incorruptible. It is rather the gendered system and culture that contribute to the differences between the sexes. This suggestion could help guide the on-going design of anti-corruption systems in China.