多源数据视野下的农民工跨户籍婚姻——基于城镇化类型与性别视角的分析

Inter-hukou Marriages of Rural Migrant Workers in Urbanization from a Gender Perspective: Evidence from Multi-Source Data

农民工与城镇居民实现跨户籍的婚姻缔结,是农业转移人口市民化在家庭层面的具体表现形式之一。文章利用多源调查数据,基于城镇化类型与性别视角,从宏观和微观层面对农民工跨户籍婚姻进行趋势和成因分析。研究发现,中国的跨户籍通婚率在13%左右,同质婚仍是中国人口婚配的主要模式;近年来,女性跨户籍通婚率高于男性,但男性跨户籍通婚也在持续上升;与就地城镇化地区相比,异地城镇化的社会开放程度更大、阶层流动状况更好,对婚姻缔结的影响更大,更有可能发生跨户籍婚姻。人力资本仍旧是跨户籍婚姻的决定性因素,家庭因素对跨户籍婚姻具有促进作用,年龄、职业阶层、受教育程度和收入方面的相对优势是农民工现阶段弥补户籍劣势实现与市民通婚的主要途径。

The inter-hukou marriage between a migrant worker, who holds a rural- hukou, and an urban-hukou holder is one of the specif- ic processes of urbanization of family formations. This paper uses multi-source data to analyze inter-hukou marriages of rural migrant workers as an aspect of urbanization from a gender perspective. The ratio of inter-hukou marriages in China is about 13% ,and marriages among people with similar hukou status are still most popular, The ratio of inter-hukou marriages is higher for females than for males, though men＇s rate of inter-hukou marriages is rising steadily. Compared with inter-hukou marriages in nearby cities and towns, cross re- gion inter-hukou marriages in metropolitan areas have a higher rate as there are more opportunities in big cities which are seen to be more open and have greater room for social mobility. It has been found that human capital is important to hypergamy;that is,well-edu- cated migrant workers with higher incomes are more likely to marry urban-hukou holders. Their parents＇ occupation and education are al- so important. This study helps to understand inter-hukou marriages in the context of urbanization in China.