19世纪北美“猪花”离散群体的社会资本分析

Social Capital Analysis of Diasporic“Piggy Flowers”in the 19^(th) Century America

在晚清的广东方言中,苦力贸易中被掳卖出洋的男性被称为"猪仔",与此对应,那些为服务"猪仔"而被集体贩运出洋的女子则被称作"猪花"。她们的社会地位和生活境况,往往比"猪仔"还要低贱和凄惨。因为正式档案史料的匮乏,"猪花"长期以来成为一个被忽略的群体,事实上,她们也是近代中国被迫卷入世界资本主义体系的参与者和见证者。本文在可儿弘明以及美国学者挖掘整理的史料基础上,利用离散和社会资本理论,选择三位代表性"猪花"阿彩、扶桑和腊露进行个案研究,以点带面呈现这个群体的历史样态以及离散妇女生存的多种可能性。

Men taken and sold abroad as coolies were called＂ Piggies＂ in Cantonese during the coolie trade of late Qing Dynasty. Accordingly, women taken and sold abroad to serve Piggies were called＂ Piggy flowers. ＂These＂ flowers＂ were put at a lower social and economic status than the Piggies and suffered under the oppression of both Chinese patriarchy and American racism. Due to the lack of formal records and documents, ＂piggy flowers＂ as a community were neglected for long, though they witnessed the development of global capitalism as sufferers. The present study expnds upon the established work by Kani Hiroaki and American scholars and applies the theory of Diaspora and social capital analysis in historically mapping the community based on an examination of three cases of piggy flowers ： Ah Choy, Fusang and Polly Bemis.