基于社会技术景观的“碳解锁”模式研究

Study on Modes of “Carbon Unlocking” from the Perspective of Social-Technical Landscape

"碳锁定"是碳基技术体制通过市场化、制度化和社会嵌入三个阶段形成的,由技术锁定、系统锁定、制度锁定和社会锁定相互强化的超稳定结构,所以实现"碳解锁"需要社会技术景观对碳基技术体制产生冲击。在对社会技术景观的内涵和五种变化类型进行阐释的基础上划分了碳基技术体制演化的四种理想模式,并通过热电涡轮机和氯氟烃技术两个案例,论证了强化"碳锁定"的体制再生产模式,以及体制转向、体制演替和体制替代三种"碳解锁"模式。

Through a process of marketization, institutionalization and social embedding, a carbon-based technological regime will grow up into a super-stable structure which leads to technological lock-in, systemic lock-in, institutional lock-in and social lock-in that mutually couple into ＂carbon lock-in＂. Considering the super-stability of ＂carbon lock-in＂, an external shock from socio-technical landscape is essential to bring about ＂carbon unlocking＂. In this paper, five types of socio-technical landscape and four corresponding evolutionary modes of carbon-based technological regime are thoroughly analyzed. Finally, through two case-studies respectively on the thermoelectric technology turbine and chlorofluorocarbons, this paper puts forward regime reproduction mode which strengthen ＂carbon lock-in＂, and three modes of ＂carbon unlocking＂, that is, regime transition, succession and substitution.