碳酸盐岩储层成岩作用及孔隙演化研究方法

The Research Methods of Diagenesis and Pore Evolution of Carbonate Reservoir

碳酸盐岩储层油气资源丰富,它蕴含的油气约为世界油气资源的1/2。在沉积过程中碳酸盐岩的成岩作用直接控制了岩石中有机组分的转化,决定了岩石中孔隙的形成、演化,以及储集类型和规模。由于成岩作用及储渗空间演化具有复杂性,进而增加了碳酸盐岩储层油气的开发难度。常见的成岩作用有:压实压溶作用、胶结作用、充填作用、交代作用、白云石化作用、重结晶作用、溶蚀作用、破裂作用等成岩作用。其中有利于储渗空间形成的成岩作用为白云石化作用、溶蚀作用或岩溶作用和构造破裂作用。不利于储渗空间形成的作用为胶结作用、机械压实及压溶作用。与储渗空间形成关系不密切的成岩作用为重结晶作用和硅化作用。成岩作用与储渗空间演化分析是油气开采的重要向导,因此成岩作用的研究对碳酸盐岩储层的勘探与开发具有重要的指导意义。实验室中,可应用铸体薄片、阴极发光、扫描电镜、碳氧同位素、流体包裹体分析等室内分析技术对碳酸盐岩储层的成岩作用、孔隙结构、储层孔隙演化及其特征进行详细的研究。

Oil and gas resources of carbonate reservoir is abundant and it is half of the oil and gas resource of all the world. In the process of deposition, the diageneses of carbonate rocl~ control the conversion of organic fraction in rock directly. They determine the formation and evolution of pore of carbonate rock, and control the reservoir types and reservoir scale. Because of the diageneses and evolution of reserving space is complex, the exploitation of oil and gas of carbonate reservoir becomes difficult. Common diageneses include compaction, pressolution, cementation, filling, metasomatism, dolomitization, reerystallization, dissolution and cataclasis. The dolomitization, dissolution, cataclasis plays a positive role in the formation of reservoir space; the cementation, compaction, pressolution plays a negative role in the formation of reservoir space; the recrystallization and silicification has no close relationship with the formation of reservoir space. The analysis of diagenesis and reservoir space evolution is a significant guidance of oil and gas exploitation, therefore, the research of diagenesis is significant in the exploration and exploitation of carbonate reservoir. In laboratory, we Can use laboratory analysis technology which include casting thin sections, cathodoluminescence and scanning electron microscopy （sem）, carbon and oxygen isotope and fluid inclusion analysis to research the diagenesis, pore structure, pore evolution particular.