江苏籍大学新生健康素养现况及影响因素分析

The status of health literacy and its influencing factors among freshmen from Jiangsu Province

目的了解江苏籍大一新生健康素养现况,分析其影响因素,为针对性开展学生健康教育提供依据。方法多阶段分层整群抽取江苏省9所本科院校和5所高职院校的7 560名江苏籍一年级学生,通过自填问卷调查健康素养现状。采用X^2检验和多因素Logistic回归模型分析健康素养的影响因素。结果 7 560名江苏籍大学新生健康素养具备率为40.4%,健康素养基本知识、健康生活方式和行为、健康素养基本技能3个维度具备率分别为56.9%、34.2%和76.1%。本科院校和高职院校学生健康素养具备率分别为44.2%和32.2%,差异有统计学意义(X^2=98.302,P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示女生(OR=1.7)、独生子女(OR=1.5)、汉族学生(OR=1.8)、文科生(OR=1.5)、理科生(OR=1.5)和父亲文化程度为大专及以上的学生(OR=1.3)健康素养具备率更高。结论江苏籍大一新生健康素养具备率高于全国水平,但不同人口特征的大学生健康素养发展不均衡,应在青少年学生中有针对性地开展健康教育与健康促进活动,进一步提升健康素养水平。

Objective To study the status of health literacy and its influencing factors among freshman in Jiangsu province, and to provide scientific basis for school health education. Methods A total of 7 560 freshmen were selected by using multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling from 14 colleges in Jiangsu Province. A self-developed questionnaire was administered to investigate the status of health literacy. Chi-square test and multiple Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of the health literacy. Results The total rate, basic knowledge, lifestyles and behaviors as well as basic skills of health literacy were 40. 4% , 56. 9% , 34. 2% and 76. 1% , respectively. The health literacy rates of freshmen in undergraduate universities and vocational colleges were 44. 2% and 32. 2% , respectively （ X2 = 98. 302, P 〈0. 001 ）. Female （ OR = 1.7）, only child （ OR = 1.5 ）, HaM nationalities （ OR = 1.8 ）, liberal arts students （ OR = 1.5 ） and science students （ OR = 1.5 ） as well as those with father graduated from college （ OR = 1.3 ） were identified as higher health literacy rates, while using male, non-only child, minority nationality, art and music majors students and those with father graduated from primary school. Conclusions The health literacy rates of freshmen in Jiangsu were higher than that of national level. However, the phenomenon of imbalanced developing of health literacy among different demographics students was existed, so targeted health promotion activities should be conducted to improve the health literacy level.