判例中的美国中小学生言论边界:历史与现状

The Speech Boundary of the American Public K-12 Students in Legal Precedent:History and Current Situation

美国联邦各级法院关于中小学生言论的判决经历了如下司法轨迹:从不干预学校自治,到保障学生的宪法言论权利不被拦在校门外,继而又压倒性声援学校,再到愈发审慎处理学生言论自由和学校秩序的冲突。美国中小学生言论的边界受到下列因素影响:学生年龄、言论地点、言论的学校影响力、言论与学校的关联性和言论性质。

Historically exploring the case of free speech in American public K-12 school comes to the following conclusion about the process of US courts＇ judicatory practice in students＇ free speech field. The court＇s attitude to- wards the students＇ free speech rights undergoes four stages： ignorance, assurance, retroversion, deliberately handling. The boundary of the speech for those K-12 students varies with the age of students, the spot of the speech, the influence on the campus, the correlation with the school, and the nature of the speech content.