2014—2015年马鞍山市学龄前儿童饮食模式及与执行功能的相关性研究

Correlation of dietary patterns and cognitive function among preschool children in Ma'anshan City in 2014-2015

目的描述学龄前儿童饮食模式的类型,了解其执行功能异常的发生状况,探讨二者之间的关联性。方法于2014年4月—2015年6月,对就读于马鞍山市91所幼儿园12363名3~5岁学龄前儿童进行问卷普查,运用学龄前儿童执行功能评定量表(BRIEF-P)评估儿童的执行功能发育状况,运用自编食物频率表(FFQ)评估儿童的饮食模式。运用二分类非条件回归模型分析学龄前儿童饮食模式与其执行功能发育异常的关联。结果学龄前儿童年龄越大、父母亲文化程度越高,执行功能得分越低(功能越好),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。学龄前儿童饮食模式可分为5种类型。"加工型"、"饮料型"和"零食型"饮食摄入越少,"素食型"和"健康型"饮食摄入越多,执行功能得分越低(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,"加工型"饮食(OR=1.44,95%CI 1.20~1.72)、"饮料型"饮食(OR=1.22,95%CI 1.03~1.46)和"零食型"饮食(OR=1.28,95%CI 1.08~1.52)是执行功能的危险因素,"素食型"饮食(OR=0.80,95%CI 0.67~0.95)和"健康型"饮食(OR=0.84,95%CI 0.71~0.98)是执行功能的保护因素。结论学龄前儿童执行功能与饮食模式密切相关,"素食型"和"健康型"的饮食模式对其执行功能的发育有益。

Objective To classify the dietary patterns in preschoolers and explore the correlation between dietary patterns and executive functions. Methods Between April 2014 and June 2015,12363 preschoolers were selected from 91 kindergartens of Ma ＇anshan City. The classification of dietary patterns and executive functions by Brief-P were evaluated. Unconditional binary logistics regression model was used to analyze the effects of different dietary patterns and executive functions in preschool chidlren. Results The higher the parents＇ education level,the lower the executive functions scores,the difference was statistically significant in preschoolers（ P〈0. 05）. The less intake of ＂processed model＂,＂drinks model＂and ＂snacks model＂,the more ＂vegetarian model＂and ＂health model＂intake,executive functions score was lower,and the difference was statistically significant（ P〈0. 05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that dietary patterns of＂processed model＂（ OR = 1. 44,95% CI 1. 20-1. 72）,＂drinks model＂（ OR = 1. 22,95% CI 1. 03-1. 46） and ＂snacks model＂（ OR = 1. 28,95% CI 1. 08-1. 52） were risk factors of cognitive functions,and the dietary patterns of ＂vegetarian model＂（ OR = 0. 80,95% CI 0. 67-0. 95） and ＂health model ＂（ OR = 0. 84,95% CI 0. 71-0. 98） were protective factors. Conclusion The present study suggests that cognitive functions might be closely related with dietary pattern. The more ＂vegetarian model＂and ＂health model＂intake,the better cognitive functions developed in preschool children.