对“昆剧史”写作模式的省思——重读陆萼庭先生《昆剧演出史稿》

A Reflection on the Model for Writing the “History of Kunju”:Lu Eting's A History of Kunju Performances Reread

《昆剧演出史稿》作为第一部完整的"昆剧史"著作,自出版以来产生了重大的学术影响。"昆剧"可以看作民族戏剧中较高层次的代表,活动主体始终是文人士大夫阶层,一向以典雅精致作为最高境界。而该书秉持"剧种"的观念,推重艺人的贡献,强调雅俗共赏,可能并不符合历史上中国传统戏剧的真实生态;漠视文人士大夫在较高层次的民族戏剧文化中的推动作用,有可能导致"昆剧"丧失自身的文化品格。因此有必要重新省思这样的"昆剧史"写作模式。

As the first completed work on the history of kunju, A History of Kunju Performances has shown great impact on academic world in China. Kunju has been considered a high-level traditional Chinese drama, and aims at elegance and delicacy in its performance. It is the shi （literati）, rather than the actors, who played the premier roles in kunju activities. However, this book bases its argument on the concept of ＂juzhong＂ （genre; different categories of traditional Chinese drama classified according to their regions）, disregarding the role that the literati played in the promotion of theatre culture in the high-level society, which perhaps deviated from its true history. It is necessary to reexamine the paradigm of history in order to avoid the loss of kunju＇s own cultural characters.