《诗经·相鼠》折射出的先秦时期牙齿审美比德观

Good Teeth as a Sign of Virtue,a Pre-Qin Period Concept as is Represented in The Book of Songs:“Behold! The Mouse”

《诗经·鄘风·相鼠》全诗的重章复沓结构形式和韵律的回环呼应所表达的情感,一以贯之的"比""兴"联用和隐喻的表现手法均表明:第二章诗句"相鼠有齿……"中"齿"于诗中具有其实际意义,"齿"在章句中对应于"皮""体",喻意为廉耻。将该诗用美学观点和历史观点分析,并放到社会发展的架构中考据、评价,显示出《诗经》时代牙齿外观在精神品德层面的重要象征意义,折射出我国先秦时期将完美的牙齿视为情操和人格标志的牙齿审美"比德"观。

The many refrains and the cycling rhymes in ＂Behold, the Mouse,＂ a poem in The Book of Songs： Odes of Yong, together with the use of explicit and implicit comparison, show that the image of teeth in the line ＂Behold! The mouse has teeth…＂ has practical significance. ＂Teeth,＂ in comparison with the ＂skin＂ and ＂body＂ of the mouse in the poem, metaphorically means the sense of honor. An aesthetic and historical analysis of the poem amid the framework of social development will reveal teeth＇ s symbolic significance in the sense of their spiritual and moral implications. The poem shows Pre-Qin Period＇s conception of the teeth as something comparable to a certain individual＇s perfect tempera- ment and personality.