日常生活精神与医疗、疾病书写——《笨花》新论兼及新世纪女性历史叙事新动向

The Spirit of Daily Life and Medical Care and Disease Writing:A New Look at Stupid Flower and New Direction for Female Historical Narrative in the New Century

《笨花》最本质的特征,不是单纯的日常生活,而是"日常生活精神"(即小说所谓"笨花精神")。这是《笨花》与并不缺乏日常生活描写的《红旗谱》式宏大历史叙事的差异,也是《笨花》与20世纪90年代以来的碎片化历史叙事的差异。前者将日常生活纳入大历史的逻辑,后者以琐碎日常生活解构大历史。而《笨花》则从日常生活出发,重返大历史。不是非此即彼的二元对立,而是亦此亦彼的多元并存,是解构之后的再建构,否定之否定后的再出发。正是基于这种日常生活精神,小说选择一个日常生活的守护者——乡村医生向文成来担当乡村历史的主人公。这就注定了医疗、疾病书写在叙事中占据重要的位置。而医疗和疾病正是日常生活最本源性的细节。《笨花》依然是一部大历史,却是一部全新的大历史,一部阴性化、女性化的大历史。不仅提供了一种超越性别议题却不放弃性别立场的女性历史叙事的可能性,也为新世纪文学提供了一种新的日常生活叙事,甚至也是新的宏大历史叙事的可能性。

The most essential feature of Stupid Flower is not purely about daily life, but about ＂the spirit of daily life＂ （namely ＂the spirit of stupid flower＂ as suggested by the novel）. This is what is different between Stupid Flower and the grand historical narrative as represented by Keep the Red Flag Flying, which is no lack of description about daily life, and this is also what is different between Stupid Flower and the fragmented historical narrative which began in the 1990s. The grand historical narrative tends to integrate daily life into the logic of grand history, while the fragmented his- torical narrative is inclined to deconstruct grand history with the trifles of daily life. Different from these, Stupid Flower starts from daily life and returns to grand history. It is not binary opposition, but the coexistence of many things that are mutually inclusive. It is the reconstruction after deconstruction, and a restart after the negation of the negation. It is based on this spirit of the daily life, the novel takes the village doctor, Xiang Wencheng, a protector of daily life, as the protago- nist of village history. This determines the significance of medical care and diseases in the novel＇s narrative, while medi- cal care and disease are two of the most fundamental parts of the details in people＇ s daily life. Stupid Flower is still a grand history, but it is a brand-new grand history, a female or feminized grand history. It not only offers the possibilities for female historical narrative to transcend gender topics while still holding to female stance, but also provides a new kind of everyday-life narrative for literature in the new century, or even the possibility for a new kind of grand historical narrative.