性别与社会性别角色对集体智慧的分布式贡献

Distributed Contribution of Sex and Gender Role to Collective Intelligence

随着群体协作的广泛运用,集体智慧也相应成为新兴的多学科关注的研究领域。研究从分布式认知理论出发,以复合型复杂任务小组讨论为情境,通过质性研究方法,深入探索集体智慧的生成机制及其影响因素。个体认知中的结构化信息、内容性信息和行为通过信息节点的交互作用形成分布式认知,并在群体气氛的影响下生成集体智慧。而个体的性别、社会性别角色及性别组合通过两条路径对集体智慧发生作用:一是直接对集体智慧生成的必需信息及其分布式交互流程产生影响;二是通过群体气氛对集体智慧的生成产生影响。其中,女性和社会性别角色女性化成员表现出较多的关系定向行为、开放与接纳行为,利于群体气氛建设。社会性别角色双性化和未分化成员更易产生带结构化信息的行为,利于分布式交互流程的完成。单一及不平衡的性别组合易出现赞同型信息节点,利于群体气氛建设,平衡的性别组合更易出现否定型信息节点,成员更喜欢自我表现,更易出现关系冲突。

As group collaboration prevails in today＇ s society, collective intelligence has also become an emerging interdisciplinary field of studies. This study, based on distributed cognitive theory, intends to explore, through qualitative examination in the context of integrated group discussions of complex tasks, the mechanism and factors that generate col- lective intelligence. The structured information, content information and behavior in individual cognition form distribut- ed cognition through the interaction of information nodes, and generate collective intelligence under the influence of group atmosphere. There are two ways in which the individual gender, gender role and gender combination play a role in the forming of collective intelligence. The first is to directly influence the necessary information generated by collective intelligence and its distributed interactive process, and the second is to generate its influence on collective intelligence through group atmosphere. Among the many different influences, women and female gender members show more rela- tionship-oriented behavior and open and acceptive behavior which are conductive to group atmosphere construction. Bi- sexualized gender members and undifferentiated gender members are more likely to produce structured information that facilitates the completion of distributed interactive processes. A single and unbalanced gender combination is likely to create a consensual information node, which is conductive to the construction of a group atmosphere. In contrast, a bal- anced gender group is more prone to negative information nodes, in which members prefer self-expression and are more likelv to have conflicts in their relationships.