艾比湖流域地表水水化学特征及空间变异特征分析

CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS OF WATER CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SPATIAL VARIATION OF SURFACE WATER IN EBINUR LAKE WATERSHED

为了更好地了解艾比湖流域的水化学特征变化,采用2014年5月和10月2次的野外实地考察数据,利用多元统计和空间变异特征的方法分析艾比湖流域地表水化学特征。结果表明:1)流域水化学组成以Na+、Cl-离子为主,其次为Mg^(2+)、SO_4^(2-)。2)通过因子分析可得,第一主成分包括TDS、矿化度和Mg2+,第二主成分为p H。3)聚类分析结果显示在以5为阈值的前提下将丰水期的水化学参数聚为两类,一类为HCO-3、K+、Ca^(2+)、Cl^-、Na^+、SO_4^(2-)、p H和Mg2+,另一类为TDS、电导率和矿化度;而枯水期可聚为3类,第一类为HCO-3、K+、Ca2+、Cl-、Na+、SO_4^(2-)和Mg2+,第二类为TDS、电导率和矿化度,第三类为p H。4)根据水化学参数的空间分布特征分析得出,从丰水期到枯水期各水化学参数空间变异较为明显,并且均呈下降趋势,其中K+的空间变异最为显著,p H的最不显著。

In order to understand the change of water chemistry characteristics in the Ebinur Lake Watershed, based on the field investigation datum in May and October 2014, the article analyzes surface water chemical characteristics in Ebinur Lake Watershed using multivariate statistical and spatial variability analysis, and explores the influence factors of spatial distribution. The results show that water chemical composition in the Ebinur Lake Watershed is mainly composed of Na＋ and C1- , the second is Mg2＋ and SO2-. Through factor analysis, the first principal component is TDS, salinity and Mg2＋ ,the second component is pH. The result of cluster analysis shows that with 5 as the threshold, the water chemical parameters in wet season were clustered into two groups, such as HCO2- ,K＋ ,Ca2＋ ,C1- ,Na＋ ,SO24- ,pH and Mg2＋ , the other one is TDS, conductivity and salinity, while those in the dry season can be grouped into three categories, the first class is HCO3- , K＋, Ca2＋ ,C1- ,Na＋ ,SO42- and Mg2＋ , the second one is TDS, conductivity and salinity, the third one is pH. According to the characteristics of spatial distribution of the hydro-chemical parameters, their variations in high water period to the dry season are obvious, and show a trend of decline, especially, the various of spatial distribution of K＋ is the most significant, the worst is pH.