稻草基质的制备处理对水稻秧苗生长的影响

Effect of Preparation Treatment of Rice Straw Substrate on Rice Seedling Growth

为解决机插水稻育秧基质来源,研究了不同配制和制备处理的稻草基质育秧对水稻秧苗生长的影响。结果表明:稻草基质育秧的配制成分和制备方法对秧苗素质有明显的影响。基质中加肥加菌堆沤和不加肥堆沤处理的出苗率高于其他处理5%~10%;加土基质和加发酵菌堆沤发酵处理,能增加水稻秧苗的苗高、假茎宽、单株干物重、植株叶绿素和氮素含量,降低植株糖氮比,显著地提高水稻秧苗素质。加土稻草基质处理的秧苗可溶性糖含量高于全稻草基质处理秧苗约1~13 mg/g,淀粉含量低约8~28 mg/g,糖氮比低于全稻草基质。机插稻秧苗氮含量在30 mg/g左右、非结构碳水化合物含量65~80 mg/g、糖氮比为2.5左右,秧苗的综合素质相对较好。稻草可以取代营养土作为培育水稻机插秧苗的基质。加入少量土壤和发酵菌堆沤发酵的稻草基质育秧效果更好。

In order to provide resources of rice seedling substrate for mechanical transplanting, the effect ofstraw substrates with different preparation components and under different preparation processes on riceseedling growth was studied. The results showed that preparation components and preparation processes ofstraw substrates had significant effect on rice seedling quality. The emergence rates of treatment retted withfertilizer and fermentation bacteria and the treatment retted without fertilizer were 5%-10% higher than that ofother treatments. The treatment retted with soil and fermentation bacteria increased rice seedling height,cauloid width, dry matter per plant, chlorophyll and nitrogen content, reduced plant sugar and nitrogen ratio,significantly improved the quality of rice seedling. Seedling soluble sugar content of treatment with soil was 1-13 mg/g higher than that of straw substrate treatment, the starch content was 8-28 mg/g lower, and the ratio ofsugar and nitrogen was lower than that of straw substrate treatment. The seedlings comprehensive quality ofmachine transplanting rice were relatively good with nitrogen content of 30 mg/g, non-structural carbohydratecontent of 65-80 mg/g, sugar and nitrogen ratio of 2.5. Straw could replace nutrient soil as substrate in ricemachine transplantation. Straw substrate retted with a little soil and fermentation bacteria had better effect.