密度胁迫下不同玉米品种的植株性状差异性分析

Difference Analysis of Plant Characters of Different Maize Varieties Under Density Stress

旨在研究密度对不同玉米品种的植株性状的影响效果,为育种与高产田的创建提供数据支撑。试验采用3个玉米品种(‘协玉3号’(A1)、‘协玉4号’(A2)、‘先玉335’(A3)),5种种植密度,随机区组设计,3次重复,并采用65 cm宽等行距种植模式。5种密度下不同品种的株高均未出现显著性的变化,各品种的穗位高均未产生显著性变化的差异,而且A2品种的穗位高始终高于A1和A3;3个品种间雄花分枝数差异显著,A1品种的雄花分枝较A2和A3品种的差异达到了显著性水平,A2与A3品种之间的雄花分枝也构成了显著性差异;株高与穗位高没有必然的联系:A3品种的株高较A1、A2明显的高,其穗位高却较A1、A2明显的低;玉米的株高、穗位高和雄花分枝受品种影响比密度大。品种的选择以及种植模式对试验结果有显著性的影响。要想改良玉米的植株性状以协调群体关系,应该选择株高适当、穗位高较低与雄花分枝较少的自交系。

The aims are to study the effects of density on plant characters of different maize varieties, andprovide a basis for breeding and high-yield field establishment. Three maize varieties [‘Xieyu 3＇（A1）,‘Xieyu4＇（A2）,‘Xianyu335＇（A3）] were used as materials. Five planting densities and randomized block design withthree repeats and 65 cm wide linewidth planting were used in this experiment. The results showed that plantheights of three maize varieties had no obvious change under five planting densities, ear heights of the threemaize varieties had no significant differences, and the ear height of A2 was always higher than that of A1 andA3. The number of staminate flower branch of the three maize varieties had significant differences. Comparedwith that of A2 and A3, the significance of the staminate flower branch number of A1 was obvious. There wassignificant difference of the staminate flower branch between A2 and A3. Plant height and ear height hadnecessary connection. The plant height of A3 was distinctly higher than that of A1 and A2, but the ear height ofA3 was distinctly lower than that of A1 and A2. The variety had more influence on plant height, ear height andthe number of staminate flower branch than that of density. Varieties and planting model had significantinfluence on the experimental results. In order to improve plant characters to coordinate group relationship, weshould choose the inbred lines with suitable plant height, lower ear height and lower staminate flower branch.