茶树特异种质资源嫁接快繁研究

Rapid Propagation of Seedling Grafting for Rare Tea Germplasm

为探究茶树(Camellia sinensis)特异种质资源嫁接快繁技术,以‘贵绿1号’(C.sinensis cv.Guilv 1)、‘贵绿2号’(C.sinensis cv.Guilv 2)和‘贵绿3号’(C.sinensis cv.Guilv 3)等10份特异茶树资源作接穗,‘福鼎大白茶’(C.sinensis cv.Fudingdabaicha)作砧木,研究这些资源嫁接扩繁的成活率、树高、树幅、可剪穗数,并与其中3份资源扦插移栽后的生长势进行比较。结果表明,10份嫁接扩繁资源的成活率变幅为79.6%~97.9%,总平均值为88.3%,差异显著。其树高、树幅和可剪穗数差异明显,不同嫁接组合间的亲和性有一定差异。与扦插移栽3年后相比,3份资源嫁接扩繁第3年的树高、树幅和可剪穗分别高19.3~34.7 cm、14.4~17.4 cm和50.5~80.5个。总体上,相较于扦插移栽,茶树特异种质资源嫁接可加快扩繁进度2~3年,嫁接第3年每666.7 m2可剪穗64.3万个。

The paper aims to explore the rapid propagation of seedling grafting for rare tea germplasm. 10 raretea germplasms including Camellia sinensis cv. Guilv 1, C.sinensis cv. Guilv 2, C.sinensis cv. Guilv 3, etc, wereused as scions, and C. sinensis cv. Fudingdabaicha as rootstocks. The survival rate, tree height, tree crown andthe number of potential cuttings in the 10 grafted rare germplasms were determined. These indicators from 3grafted rare germplasms were compared to their cutting seedlings after transplantation. The results showed that：the survival rate of 10 grafted rare germplasms varied from 79.6% to 97.9%, with an overall mean of 88.3%,and showed significantly difference; their tree height, tree crown and the number of potential cuttings presentedobvious differences, which indicated that in the process of grafting, the rare tea germplasm had incompatibilityto some extent; compared with 3 grafted rare germplasms after 3 years, the tree height, tree crown and thenumber of potential cuttings in their cutting seedlings after transplantation were 19.3-34.7 cm, 14.4-17.4 cm,and 50.5-80.5 higher, respectively. Generally, grafting can shorten the propagation of the rare tea germplasmby 2-3 years, compared with the cutting seedlings. After 3 years graft, the number of cuttings per 666.7 m2 could reach 643 thousand.