民国时期山西农业科技述论

Shanxi Agricultural Science and Technology During the Period of the Republic of China: A Review

通过查阅、检索大量的原始文献资料,梳理了民国时期山西农业科技发展的历史脉络。阐述了山西主要农事机构及学校的创办情况,从选育优良品种、推广农业技术、开展科学试验3个方面介绍了农事机构及学校的科技活动。对民国时期山西农业科技活动的成效和局限性做了简单的归纳,认为北洋政府以及山西地方政府的农业改良措施,对于传播农业科技知识、恢复农业生产起到一定作用。从理念上看,引进品种的同时注重科学试验以提升自身的研究能力,将棉业作为当时的特色优势产业大力发展,与当下加强基础研究、提升创新实力,发展特色优势产业、加快脱贫致富步伐有相似之处。

Through the inspection and retrieval of a large number of original literatures, the history of Shanxi agricultural science and technology development during the period of the Republic of China is elucidated. This paper expounds the establishment of the main agricultural institutions and schools in Shanxi, and introduces the scientific and technological activities of the agricultural institutions and schools from three aspects： breeding fine varieties, promoting agricultural technology and carrying out scientific experiments. The achievements and limitations of the agricultural science and technology activities in Shanxi during the period of the Republic of China is summarized roughly： the agricultural improving measures employed by the Beiyang Government and the local Shanxi government exerted certain effects on the dissemination of agricultural scientific and technological knowledge and the restoration of agricultural production. To pay attention to the enhancement of the research capacity during the variety introduction and to specially focus on the competitive edge of the cotton industry are similar with the present practices including strengthening basic research, enhancing innovation, developing characteristic industries and accelerating the pace of poverty relief.