湘西北海拔高度与烤烟中性挥发性香气物质关系的研究

Effects of Planting Altitude on Content of Neutral Volatile Aroma Components in Flue-cured Tobacco

为了研究种植海拔高度与烤烟中性挥发性香气物质的关系,统一土壤基质与所有农艺措施,于湘西北200m～1000m范围内的不同海拔高度进行了烤烟盆栽对比试验,采用毛细管气相色谱分析法测定了不同海拔高度盆栽C3F等级初烤烟叶的中性挥发性香气物质含量,从而探讨了种植海拔高度对烤烟中性挥发性香气物质的影响。主要研究结果是:(1)随着湘西北海拔高度的上升,烤烟新植二烯、巨豆三烯酮A、巨豆三烯酮C、大马酮、二氢大马酮、3-羟基大马酮、二氢猕猴桃内酯、苯甲醛、苯乙醛及苯乙醇的含量均增加;(2)随着湘西北海拔高度的上升,烤烟3-氧化紫罗兰酮、香叶基丙酮、茄酮及降茄二酮的含量均下降;(3)随着湘西北海拔高度的上升,烤烟巨豆三烯酮B、巨豆三烯酮D、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮及乙酰基吡咯的含量均变化不大;(4)烤烟新植二烯含量、类胡萝卜素降解产物类香气物质含量之和及中性挥发性香气物质总量均与湘西北海拔高度呈极显著的正相关(P<0.01);(5)提高湘西北烤烟种植的海拔高度,有利于降低烟叶燃烧时烟气的刺激性,有利于提高烟叶的香气量与整体质量,并有利于烟叶中清香类致香物质含量的增加。

In order to investigate the relationship between planting altitude and content of neutral volatile aroma components in flue-cured tobacco,a pot-cultivation experiment for Yunyan 87-a representative breed of flue-cured tobacco,was conducted based on identical soil matrix,planting rate, fertilizer rate,schedule,and all other cultivation practices at altitudes from 200m to 1000m above sea level in the northwest of Hunan Province of China.The content of neutral volatile aroma components in the cured leaf samples at leaf-position 11 from the pot-cultivation experiment were determined by capillary gas chromatography.On this basis the effects of planting altitude on content of the components were investigated.The results showed that:(1) the content of many neutral volatile aroma components was positively related with the planting altitude,these components included megastigmatrienone A,megastigmatrienone C,damascenone,damascone,3-hydroxydamascone, dihydroactinolide,benzaldehyde,phenethyl alcohol and phenyl acetaldehyde;(2) the content of some neutral volatile aroma components was negatively related with the planting altitude,these components were megastigmatrienone B,megastigmatrienone D,3-oxo-ionone,geranyl acetone, solanone and norsolanadione;(3) however,with the altitude increase the content of a few neutral volatile aroma components,such as 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and acetylpyrrole scarcely changed; (4) content of neophytadiene,whole volatile aroma components degraded from carotene and total neutral volatile aroma components were positively correlated with the altitude(P<0.01);(5) increasing the planting altitude for flue-cured tobacco in the northwest of Hunan Province be good for the increase of aroma volume and whole quality of cured leaf of flue-cured tobacco,and good for weakening the irritancy of the cured leaf.