科学民主化的两种研究进路

Two Approaches to Research Democratization of Science

科学民主化的研究是由一系列自下而上的社会运动和自上而下的政策实践所推动的。关于科学民主化的研究一般由两部分构成:民主化理由和民主化限度。由此,可以将其分为两种研究进路:STS的进路和科学哲学的进路。在民主化理由方面,STS的研究进路从根本上否定了科学真理与客观性,以釜底抽薪的方式为民主化打开大门;而科学哲学的研究进路以一种温和实在论保留了科学真理,而反对科学自治。在民主化的限度方面,STS的研究进路允许公众对科学活动的全面参与,而科学哲学的进路将公众参与限于议程设置和知识应用阶段,把知识生产活动留给科学家自主决定。此外,STS的研究进路关注的是现实的民主化实践,而科学哲学的进路试图提供一种理想的民主模式。

Researches on the democratization of science have been promoted by social movements from ＂bottom--to-- up＂ and policy arrangements from ＂up--to--bottom＂. Generally there are two basic aspects of the researches on de- mocratization of science--the reason of democratization and the limit of it. Based on these two aspects, two approa- ches have been applied-- STS and philosophy of science. For the reason of democratization, the approach of STS de- nies truth and objectivity of science and welcomes the democratization of science with an absolute way. Depend on a modest realism, the approach on philosophy of science retains scientific truth and opposes science autonomy. For the limit of democratization, the former approach allows public participation on all aspects of sciencel but for the latter, public participation should be limited to agenda setting and knowledge application, and let the scientists reserve the phrase of knowledge production. Besides, STS focuses on real democratizing practices and the latter mainly provides an ideal democratic mode.