汉语成语中的空间量研究

A Study of the Spatial Quantity in Chinese Idioms

成语中的空间量有大与小、客观与主观、明确与模糊、具体与抽象等种类;在一条成语中,空间量常与其他某一种量(物量、时间量、动量或程度量)搭配;成语描写空间量具有显著性与隐蔽性、静态性与动态性、借具体的空间量表达抽象的空间量、属性相同的或相反的空间量配用、空间量形成对比等特点;空间量具有语义、语法和语用等作用;抽象空间量的表达得力于隐喻;成语描写空间量有词汇、语法和修辞三大手段。

the space quantity in the idioms has large and small, objective and subjective, clear and vague, abstract and concrete types. In an idiom, the space quantity often collocates with other certain amount （volume, time, momentum or degree）.The space quantity in an idiom description has significant specific and hidden, static and dynamic features. It borrows the concrete space quantity to express the abstract. It also has the feature of comparison by using the same and the opposite space quantity. The space quantity has semantic, grammar and pragmatic functions. The expression of abstract space quantity is helped by metaphors, and there are three rhetoric means to express the space quantity in idioms.