“得了”的词汇化研究

A Study of the Lexicalization of “得了” in Chinese

现代汉语中有多个"得了"。来自近现代汉语的语料表明,"得了"经历了"得了_1"(表获得义动词)→"得了_2"(表认可义动词)→"得了_3"(表衔接话轮、切换话题的话语标记)和"得了_1"→"得了_2"→"得了_4"(表建议和随意语气的语气词)两条发展路径。"得了_3"和"得了_4"分别由"得了_2"在两种句法环境中的用法发展所致。名词性主语省略导致"得了_2"发展为"得了_3";紧缩复句重新分析导致"得了_2"发展为"得了_4"。

There are a number of ＂得了＂ in modem Chinese. The data from Modem Chinese corpus indicate that ＂得了＂ has developed through two paths： one is （1）＂得了 ＂ （a verb structure indicates obtaining）→（2）＂ 得了 ＂ （a verb structure indicates recognized semantic verb） → （3）＂得了 ＂（a discourse marker used for switching the topic）, and the other is （2）＂得了 ＂→ （4）＂得了＂（a modal particle indicates the mood of proposal and not care）. （2）＂得了＂→ （4）＂得了＂evolved from the two usages of （2）＂得了＂in its two syntactic contexts. The nominal subject of （2）得了 ＂is omitted and form （3）＂得了＂ and the re-analysis of compressed complex sentence causes （2）＂得了＂ to develop into （4）＂得了＂.