中西方幸福观比较研究

The Research on Chinese and Western Concept of Happiness

古往今来众多中西方哲学家都在努力探讨幸福问题,不同的文化背景下形成了中西方不同类别的幸福观。西方文化史上以理性主义幸福观、感性主义幸福观、基督教幸福观这三类幸福观为代表。中国古代有以孔子为代表的儒家"入世主义"和以老子为代表的道家"避世主义"以及佛家的"出世主义"幸福观,本文从中西方不同的文化背景下来探究幸福观,这对构建当代幸福生活有着深刻的启示。

Aristotle once said： ＂happiness is the only goal and purpose of human existence.＂ So what is happiness？ What is the purpose of pursuing happiness？ Why pursue happiness？ This is a philosophical question that many Chinese and western philosophers try to explore. Under the different cultural backgrounds, different kinds of happiness in Chinese and western countries have been formed. There are three kinds of representative Heraclitus, Socrates, Aristotle and Plato as the representative of rationalism happiness; Democritus, Epicurus and Feuerbaeh as the representative of the Perceptually happiness and Augustine, Thomas, Maritain as the representative of the Christianity happiness. In ancient China, there are these views about the happiness with Confucius as the representative of the Confucian ＂into the world＂ and to Lao-Tzu as the representative of the Taoist ＂retire from the world＂ and Buddhist ＂out of the world＂ . This paper explores the eoncept of happiness from different cultural backgrounds in China and the west, which has profound implications for the construction of a happy life.