护理人员职业暴露的危险因素分析及对策

Risk factors and strategy to prevent occupational exposure in Sierra Leone health care staff

目的为保证传染病护理人员对埃博拉病毒的"零感染",加强对相关护理人员的专科培训,提高护理人员预防职业暴露的能力。方法以塞拉利昂塞中友好医院25名护理人员为研究对象,采取问卷调查方式,观察对锐器伤等职业暴露的防护意识,以及锐器伤等的发生。结果经问卷调查,发现塞方护理人员曾经在普通病房暴露者9例,不会处理锐器伤者占40%,在埃博拉病毒感染病房尚未发现暴露,但不会处理锐器伤者达100%,经培训后护理人员防范意识明显提高,未发生锐器伤。结论有效的专业培训可提高护理人员锐器伤防范意识,降低发生率。

Objective To ensure the ＂zero infection＂ of the Ebola virus among the nurses of infectious diseases and to improve the ability of nurses to prevent occupational exposure through strengthening the specialized training to related nurses. Methods Total of 25 nursing staff in Sierra Leone Friendship Hospital were collected, a questionnaire survey was conducted to observe the awareness of occupational exposure such as sharp instruments injury, and then the occurrence of sharp injuries were investigated. Results The questionnaire survey showed that there were 9 nurses had been exposed in common ward in Sierra, among whom 40% were without any treatment to sharp injury. No exposure happened in the wards of Ebola virus infection, but the rate of untreatment to sharp injury reached 100%. The awareness of defense was significantly improved after training, and no injuries happened. Conclusions Special training could improve the occupational exposure and protective consciousness, and reduce the sharp instrument injury incidence rate in Sierra Leone HWKs.